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Formatting Note
Explanatory Notes
1. The Schedule of a Party to this Annex sets out, pursuant to Articles 10.13 (Non-
Conforming Measures) and 11.6 (Non-Conforming Measures), a Party’s existing measures that
are not subject to some or all of the obligations imposed by:
(a) Articles 10.3 (National Treatment) or 11.2 (National Treatment);
(b) Articles 10.4 (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment) or 11.3 (Most-Favored-Nation
Treatment);
(c) Article 11.5 (Local Presence);
(d) Article 10.9 (Performance Requirements);
(e) Article 10.10 (Senior Management and Boards of Directors); or
(f) Article 11.4 (Market Access).
2. Each Schedule entry sets out the following elements:
(a) Sector refers to the sector for which the entry is made;
(b) Obligations Concerned specifies the obligation(s) referred to in paragraph 1 that,
pursuant to Articles 10.13 (Non-Conforming Measures) and 11.6 (Non-
Conforming Measures), do not apply to the listed measure(s);
(c) Level of Government indicates the level of government maintaining the listed
measure(s);
(d) Measures identifies the laws, regulations, or other measures for which the entry is
made. A measure cited in the Measures element:
(i) means the measure as amended, continued, or renewed as of the date of
entry into force of this Agreement, and
(ii) includes any subordinate measure adopted or maintained under the
authority of and consistent with the measure; and
(e) Description sets out commitments, if any, for liberalization on the date of entry
into force of the Agreement, and the remaining non-conforming aspects of the
existing measures for which the entry is made.
3. In the interpretation of a Schedule entry, all elements of the entry shall be considered. An
entry shall be interpreted in light of the relevant provisions of the Chapters against which the
entry is made. To the extent that:
I-2
(a) the Measures element is qualified by a liberalization commitment from the
Description element, the Measures element as so qualified shall prevail over all
other elements; and
(b) the Measures element is not so qualified, the Measures element shall prevail
over all other elements, unless any discrepancy between the Measures element
and the other elements considered in their totality is so substantial and material
that it would be unreasonable to conclude that the Measures element should
prevail, in which case the other elements shall prevail to the extent of that
discrepancy.
4. In accordance with Article 10.13 (Non-Conforming Measures) and 11.6 (Non-
Conforming Measures), the articles of this Agreement specified in the Obligations Concerned
element of an entry do not apply to the law, regulation, or other measure identified in the
Measures element of that entry.
5. Where a Party maintains a measure that requires that a service provider be a citizen,
permanent resident, or resident of its territory as a condition to the provision of a service in its
territory, a Schedule entry for that measure taken with respect to Article 11.2 (National
Treatment), 11.3 (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment), or 11.5 (Local Presence) shall operate as a
Schedule entry with respect to Article 10.3 (National Treatment), 10.4 (Most-Favored-Nation
Treatment), or 10.9 (Performance Requirements) to the extent of that measure.
6. For greater certainty, Article 11.4 (Market Access) refers to non-discriminatory
measures.
Costa Rica Schedule
Sector: Irrigation Services
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 7593 of 9 August 1996 – Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora
de los Servicios Públicos – Arts. 5, 9, and 13
Description: Cross-Border Services
Costa Rica reserves the right to limit the number of concessions to
supply irrigation services based on demand for those services.
Priority will be given to concessionaires already supplying the
service.
.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-2
Sector: Solid Waste Treatment Services
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 7593 of 9 August 1996 – Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora
de los Servicios Públicos – Arts. 5, 9, and 13
Description: Cross-Border Services
Costa Rica reserves the right to limit the number of concessions to
supply solid waste treatment services based on demand for those
services. Priority will be given to concessionaires already
supplying the service.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-3
Sector: Maritime and Specialty Air Services
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 7593 of 9 August 1996 – Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora
de los Servicios Públicos – Arts. 5, 9, and 13
Description: Cross-Border Services
Costa Rica reserves the right to limit the number of concessions to
supply maritime and specialty air services in national ports based
on demand for those services. Priority will be given to
concessionaires already supplying the service.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-4
Sector: Professional Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 7221 of 6 April 1991 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio de
Ingenieros Agrónomos – Arts. 5, 6, 8, 10, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 23,
24, and 25
Executive Decree No. 22688-MAG-MIRENEM of 22 November
1993 – Reglamento General de la Ley Orgánica del Colegio de
Ingenieros Agrónomos de Costa Rica – Arts. 6, 7, and 9
Executive Decree No. 29410 of 2 March 2001 – Reglamento del
Registro de Peritos-Tasadores del Colegio de Ingenieros
Agrónomos – Arts. 6, 20, and 22
Law No. 5230 of 2 July 1973 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio de
Geólogos de Costa Rica – Arts. 3, and 9
Executive Decree No. 6419-MEIC of 18 October 1976 –
Reglamento del Colegio de Geólogos de Costa Rica – Arts. 4, 5,
and 37
Law No. 5142 of 30 November 1972 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio
de Farmacéuticos de Costa Rica – Arts. 2, 9, and 10
Executive Decree No. 3503-S of 6 February 1974 – Reglamento
General Orgánico o Reglamento Interno del Colegio de
Farmacéuticos de Costa Rica – Art. 2 and 6
Law No. 5784 of 19 August 1975 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio de
Cirujanos Dentistas de Costa Rica – Arts. 2, 6, 9, 10, 14, and 15
Law No. 4925 of 17 December 1971 – Reforma Integral a la Ley
Orgánica del Colegio Federado de Ingenieros y Arquitectos –
Arts. 5, 9, 11, 13, 14, and 52
Executive Decree No. 3414-T of 3 December 1973 – Reglamento
Interior General del Colegio Federado de Ingenieros y Arquitectos
de Costa Rica –Arts. 1, 3, 7, 9, and 54
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-5
Reglamento Especial de Incorporación al Colegio Federado de
Ingenieros y Arquitectos de Costa Rica, approved in Session 4-82-
A.E.R., 6 December 1982 – Arts. 7 and 8
Reglamento Especial para Determinar Inopia de Profesionales
para los Efectos de Miembro Temporal o Incorporación de
Extranjeros al Colegio Federado de Ingenieros y de Arquitectos de
Costa Rica, approved in Session 45-82-GE of December 1982 –
Arts. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8
Law No. 1038 of 19 August 1947 – Ley de Creación del Colegio
de Contadores Públicos – Arts. 3, 4, 12, and 15
Law No. 3455 of 14 November 1964 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio
de Médicos Veterinarios – Arts. 2, 4, 5, 7, and 27
Executive Decree No. 19184-MAG of 10 July 1989 – Reglamento
a la Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Médicos Veterinarios – Arts. 6,
7, 10, 11, 19, and 24
Law No. 2343 of 4 May 1959 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio de
Enfermeras de Costa Rica – Arts. 2, 22, 23, 24, and 28
Executive Decree No. 11 of 10 August 1961 – Reglamento de la
Ley Número 2343 del 4 de mayo de 1959 que Crea el Colegio de
Enfermeras de Costa Rica – Arts. 9, 10, 53, 54, and 67
Law No. 7764 of 17 April 1998 – Código Notarial – Arts. 3 and 10
Law No. 1269 of 2 March 1951 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio de
Contadores Privados de Costa Rica– Arts. 2 and 4
Law No. 6038 of 13 January 1977 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio de
Químicos e Ingenieros Químicos de Costa Rica – Arts. 5, 10, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 71
Executive Decree No. 11275-P of 27 February 1980 – Reglamento
a la Ley Orgánica de Químicos e Ingenieros Químicos de Costa
Rica – Arts. 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, and 83
Law No. 3019 of 9 August 1962 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio de
Médicos y Cirujanos – Arts. 4, 5, and 7
Executive Decree No. 23110-S of 22 March 1991 – Reglamento a
la Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos – Art. 10
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-6
Executive Decree No. 2613-SPSS of 3 November 1972 –
Reglamento General para Autorizar el Ejercicio a Profesionales
de Ramas Dependientes de las Ciencias Médicas y a Técnicos en
Materias Médico Quirúrgicas – Arts. 1 and 4
Law No. 3838 of 19 December 1966 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio
de Optometristas de Costa Rica – Arts. 6 and 7
Law No. 4420 of 18 September 1969 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio
de Periodistas de Costa Rica – Arts. 2, 24, 25, and 27
Executive Decree No. 14931 of 20 October 1983 – Reforma al
Reglamento de la Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Periodistas de
Costa Rica – Arts. 5, 6, and 26
Law No. 7106 of 4 November 1988 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio de
Profesionales en Ciencias Políticas – Arts.6, 26, and 29
Executive Decree No. 19026-P of 31 May 1989 – Reglamento a la
Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Profesionales en Ciencias Políticas y
de Relaciones Internacionales – Arts. 1, 10, 12, 19, 21, and 22
Law No. 8356 of 12 June 2002 – Reforma Ley Orgánica del
Colegio de Profesionales en Ciencias Políticas – Art. 1
Law No. 4288 of 12 December 1968 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio
de Biólogos – Arts. 6 and 7
Executive Decree No. 39 of 6 March 1970 – Reglamento de la Ley
Orgánica del Colegio de Biólogos de Costa Rica – Arts.10, 11, 16,
17, 18, and 19
Reglamento a la Ley Orgánica al Colegio de Bibliotecarios de
Costa Rica, approved in the ordinary General Assembly of 2
October 1991 – Arts. 12 and 17
Law No. 7537 of 22 August 1995 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio de
Profesionales en Informática y Computación – Arts. 6 and 8
Law No. 8142 of 17 October 2001 – Ley de Traducciones e
Interpretaciones Oficiales – Art. 6
Executive Decree No. 30167-RE of 25 January 2002 – Reglamento
a la Ley de Traducciones e Interpretaciones Oficiales – Art. 10
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-7
Law No. 7105 of 31 October 1988 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio de
Licenciados en Ciencias Económicas de Costa Rica – Arts. 4, 6,
15, 19, and 20
Executive Decree No. 20014-MEIC of 19 September 1990 –
Reglamento General de Profesionales en Ciencias Económicas de
Costa Rica – Arts. 10, 14, and 17
Law No. 7503 of 3 May 1995 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio de
Físicos – Arts. 6 and 10
Executive Decree No. 28035-MINAE-MICIT of 14 April 1999 –
Reglamento a la Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Físicos – Arts. 6, 7,
10, 11, 18, and 21
Law No. 6144 of 28 November 1977 – Ley Orgánica del Colegio
Profesional de Psicólogos de Costa Rica – Arts. 4, 5, and 6
Reglamento General del Colegio Profesional de Psicólogos de
Costa Rica, approved in Session No. 3 of the Ordinary General
Assembly of 09 March 1979 – Arts. 9, 10, and 11
Executive Decree No. 28595-S of 23 March 2000 – Reglamento de
la Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Profesionales en Quiropráctica –
Art. 15
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
To join the Professional Associations of Public Accountants,
Pharmacists, Geologists, Physicians and Surgeons, Veterinarians,
Lawyers (i.e., Notaries), Dental Surgeons, Optometrists,
Journalists, Nurses, Medical and Surgical Technicians and Medical
Sciences Branches, all foreign professionals must prove that, in
their home jurisdiction where they are allowed to practice, Costa
Rican nationals can exercise their profession under like
circumstances.
To join the Professional Associations of Public Accountants,
Pharmacists, Geologists, Agronomical Engineers (Forestry or
Agriculture/Livestock Appraisers-Surveyors), Physicians and
Surgeons, Veterinarians, Dental Surgeons, Journalists, Medical and
Surgical Technicians and Medical Sciences Branches, Computer
and Information Technology, Nurses and Official Translators and
Interpreters, foreign professionals must have the migratory status
of residents in Costa Rica at the time of applying for membership,
as well as have a certain minimum number of years of residence.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-8
The number of years varies from one Professional Association to
another, but usually ranges between two to five years.
To join the Professional Associations of Lawyers (i.e., Notaries),
Chemists and Chemical Engineers, Political Scientists and
International Relations Specialists and Physicists, foreign
professionals must have the migratory status of residents in Costa
Rica at the time of applying for membership.
Only Costa Rican professionals duly registered in the Colegio de
Ingenieros Agrónomos can supply their services for consulting
enterprises in agronomical sciences operating in Costa Rica to
comply with the 50 percent legal requirement of total professional
consulting advisory time.
Consulting or advisory work in the field of agronomical sciences
carried out in Costa Rica under the auspices of foreign
governments or international institutions shall be jointly conducted
by Costa Rican nationals registered in the Colegio, along with
foreign nationals.
Foreign professionals in political sciences and international
relations specialists may only be hired by public or private entities
when they are active members of the Professional Association and
insufficiency of Costa Rican professionals has been declared.
For greater certainty, subject to the conditions and terms included
in the applicable legislation, the following professional
associations may provide temporary licenses to allow temporary
professional practice in Costa Rica: Biologists, Economists and
Social Scientists, Political Scientists and International Relations
Specialists, Dental Surgeons, Pharmacists, Physicists, Computer
and Information Technology Professionals, Agronomical
Engineers, Architects and Engineers, Physicians and Surgeons,
Veterinarians, Journalists, Psychologists, Chemists and Chemical
Engineers and Chiropractors.
For greater certainty, none of the measures listed in this Annex
entry restricts enterprises in Costa Rica from otherwise employing
foreign professionals in accordance with Costa Rican law in order
to carry out contracts.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-9
Sector: Maritime-Land Zone
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 6043 of 2 March 1977 – Ley sobre la Zona Marítimo
Terrestre – Arts. 9, 10, 11, and 12, and Chapters 3 and 6
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
A concession is required to perform any type of development or
activity in the maritime-terrestrial zone.1 Such a concession shall
not be granted to or held by: (a) foreign nationals that have not
resided in the country for at least five years; (b) enterprises with
bearer shares; (c) enterprises domiciled abroad; (d) enterprises
incorporated in the country solely by foreign nationals; or (e)
enterprises where more than 50 percent of the capital shares or
stocks are owned by foreigners.
Within the maritime-terrestrial zone, no concession may be granted
within the first 50 meters counted from the high tide line nor in the
area comprised between the high tide line and the low tide line.
1
The maritime-terrestrial zone is the 200-meter strip located along the entire length of the Atlantic and Pacific coast
lines of Costa Rica, measured horizontally from the ordinary high tide line. The maritime-terrestrial zone also
covers all islands located within the Costa Rican territorial waters.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-10
Sector: Land Transportation Services – Transportation of Passengers
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Articles 10.4 and 11.3)
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Executive Decree No. 26 of 10 November 1965 – Reglamento del
Transporte Internacional de Personas – Arts. 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 15, and
16 as amended by Executive Decree No. 20785-MOPT of 4
October 1991 – Art. 1
Law No. 3503 of 10 May 1965 – Ley Reguladora del Transporte
Remunerado de Personas en Vehículos Automotores – Arts. 1, 3, 4,
6, 10, 11, and 25
Executive Decree No. 31180-MOPT of 24 April 2003 – Regula el
Servicio Público de Transporte Remunerado de Personas en
Modalidad de Taxi – Art. 1
Law No. 7969 of 22 December 1999 – Ley Reguladora del
Servicio Público de Transporte Remunerado de Personas en
Vehículos en la Modalidad de Taxis – Arts. 1, 2, 3, 29, 30, and 33
Executive Decree No. 5743-T of 12 February 1976 – Reglamento a
la Ley Reguladora del Transporte Remunerado de Personas en
Vehículos Taxis – Arts. 1, 2, 5, and 14
Executive Decree No. 28913-MOPT of 13 September 2000 –
Reglamento del Primer Procedimiento Especial Abreviado para el
Transporte Remunerado de Personas en Vehículos en la
Modalidad de Taxi – Arts. 1, 3, and 16
Law No. 5066 of 30 August 1972 – Ley General de Ferrocarriles
– Arts. 1, 4, 5, and 41
Executive Decree No. 28337-MOPT of 16 December 1999 –
Reglamento sobre Políticas y Estrategias para la Modernización
del Transporte Colectivo Remunerado de Personas por Autobuses
Urbanos para el Área Metropolitana de San José y Zonas
Aledañas que la Afecta Directa o Indirectamente – Art. 1
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-11
Executive Decree No 15203-MOPT of 22 February 1984
Reglamento para la Explotación de Servicios Especiales de
Transporte Automotor Remunerado de Personas – Arts. 2, 3, 4,
and 5
Law No. 7593 of 9 August 1996 – Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora
de los Servicios Públicos – Arts. 5, 9, 10, and 13
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
Costa Rica reserves the right to limit the number of concessions to
operate domestic remunerated passenger transportation routes in
automotive vehicles (including special passenger transportation
services as defined in Articles 2 and 3 of Executive Decree No.
15203-MOPT of 22 February 1984 – Reglamento para la
Explotación de Servicios Especiales de Transporte Automotor
Remunerado de Personas). Such concessions shall be awarded
through bidding, which shall only be opened if the Ministerio de
Obras Públicas y Transportes has previously determined the need
to supply the service according to the proper technical studies.
Where there are multiple bids, including one by a Costa Rican
supplier, that satisfy the requirements to the same extent, the Costa
Rican bid shall be preferred over the foreign bid, whether by
natural persons or enterprises.
A permit to operate an international remunerated passenger
transportation service shall be granted only to enterprises
organized under Costa Rican law or those that are at least 60
percent owned by Central American nationals.
In addition to the restriction set out above, when granting permits
to supply international services for remunerated passenger
transportation, the principle of reciprocity shall apply.
A permit is required in order to supply international remunerated
passenger land transportation services. New concessions may be
granted if justified by demand for the service. Priority will be
given to concessionaires already supplying the service.
Costa Rica reserves the right to limit the number of permits or
concessions to supply domestic remunerated passenger land
transportation services based on demand for the service. Priority
will be given to concessionaires already supplying the service.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-12
The Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes reserves the right
to set annual limits on the number of concessions for taxi cab
services to be granted in each district, county (cantón), and
province. Only one taxi cab concession may be granted to each
natural person, and each concession grants the right to operate only
one vehicle. Bids for taxi concesions are awarded based on a point
system that gives an advantage to existing suppliers.
Each concession to supply regular public remunerated passenger
transportation services in automotive vehicles, excluding taxi cabs,
may be granted only to one person, unless an economic needs test
evidences the need to have additional suppliers. In addition, one
natural person may not own more than two enterprises nor be a
majority shareholder in more than three enterprises operating
different routes.
Permission to supply non-tour bus passenger transportation
services in the greater metropolitan area of the Central Valley of
Costa Rica shall only be granted once it has been demonstrated
that regular public bus services cannot satisfy the demand.
Costa Rica reserves the right to maintain a monopoly over the
supply of railroad transportation. However the State can grant
concessions to private persons. Concessions may be granted if
justified by demand for the service. Priority will be given to
concessionaires already supplying the service.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-13
Sector: Land Transportation Services – Freight Transportation
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Articles 10.4 and 11.3)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 10.10)
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Executive Decree No. 31363 of 02 June 2003 – Reglamento de
Circulación por Carretera con base en el Peso y las Dimensiones
de los Vehículos de Carga – Art. 69
Executive Decree No. 15624-MOPT of 28 August 1984 –
Reglamento del Transporte Automotor de Carga Local – Arts. 8, 9,
10, and 12
Law No. 7593 of 9 August 1996 – Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora
de los Servicios Públicos – Arts. 5, 9, and 13
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
Only Costa Rican nationals or enterprises may supply motorized
transportation services between two points within the territory of
Costa Rica. Such an enterprise must meet the following
requirements: (a) at least 51 percent of its capital must be owned
by Costa Rican nationals; and (b) Costa Rican nationals must have
effective control and management of the enterprise.
No motor vehicle, trailer, or tractor-trailer with foreign license
plates may transport goods within the territory of Costa Rica. This
prohibition does not apply to vehicles, trailers, or tractor-trailers
registered in one of the Central American countries.
Foreign enterprises involved in international multi-modal freight
transportation must contract enterprises organized under the laws
of Costa Rica to transport containers and tractor-trailers within
Costa Rica.
Costa Rica reserves the right to grant concessions to supply
railroad freight transportation services based on demand for the
service. Priority will be given to concessionaires already
supplying the service.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-14
Sector: Water Transportation Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 7593 of 9 August 1996 – Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora
de los Servicios Públicos – Arts. 5, 9, and 13
Law No. 104 of 06 June 1853 – Código de Comercio de 1853-
Libro III Del Comercio Marítimo – Arts. 537 and 580
Law No. 12 of 22 October 1941 – Ley de Abanderamiento de
Barcos – Arts. 41 and 43
Law No. 2220 of 20 June 1958 – Ley de Servicio de Cabotaje de la
República – Arts. 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12
Executive Decree No. 66 of 4 November 1960 – Reglamento de la
Ley de Servicios de Cabotaje de la República – Arts. 10, 11, 12,
15, and 16
Executive Decree No. 12568-T-S-H of 30 April 1981 –
Reglamento del Registro Naval Costarricense – Arts. 8, 10, 11, 12,
and 13
Executive Decree No. 23178-J-MOPT of 18 April 1994 – Traslada
Registro Nacional Buques al Registro Público Propiedad Mueble –
Art. 5
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
Costa Rica reserves the right to limit the number of concessions to
water transportation services based on demand for those services.
Priority will be given to concessionaires already supplying the
service.
A concession to supply cabotage services shall only be granted to
Costa Rican nationals or enterprises organized under Costa Rican
law of which at least 60 percent of the shares are owned by Costa
Rican nationals.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-15
Only Costa Rican nationals, national public entities, enterprises
constituted and domiciled in Costa Rica, and shipping company
representatives can register vessels in Costa Rica. This rule may
not apply to foreign nationals or foreign enterprises registering
vessels smaller than 50 tons for non-commercial use only.
All natural persons or enterprises established abroad that own one
or more foreign registered vessels located in Costa Rica shall
appoint and maintain an agent or legal representative in Costa Rica
to act as liaison with the official authorities in all vessel-related
matters.
Trade and tourist cabotage activities between Costa Rican ports
must be conducted by vessels registered in Costa Rica.
Foreign nationals who wish to act as captain of a vessel with Costa
Rican registry and flag must post a bond equivalent to at least half
of the value of the vessel under his/her command.
At least ten percent of the crew on Costa Rican registered vessels
used for international traffic that call on Costa Rican ports shall be
Costa Rican nationals, provided that such trained personnel are
available domestically.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-16
Sector: Specialty Air Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 5150 of 14 May 1973 – Ley General de Aviación Civil –
Arts. 143, 156, paragraphs 3 and 4, and 179
Executive Decree No. 3326-T of 25 October 1973 – Reglamento
para el Otorgamiento de Certificados de Explotación – Arts. 5 and
6
Executive Decree No. 4440-T of 3 January 1975 – Reglamento
para la Operación del Registro Aeronáutico Costarricense – Art.
20 and 38
Executive Decree No. 4637- T of 18 February 1975 – Reglamento
de Licencias para Personal Técnico Aeronáutico – Art. 23
Executive Decree No. 31520-MS-MAG-MINAE-MOPT-MGPSP
of 16 October 2003 – Reglamento para las Actividades de
Aviación Agrícola – Arts. 10, 11, 13, 24, and 41
Executive Decree No. 28262-MOPT of 1 November 1999 –
Reglamento de Certificados de Operador Aéreo (COA),
Certificados Operativos y Autorizaciones de Operación (RAC 119)
– Sections 119.33 and 119.47
Description: Cross-Border Services
Costa Rican enterprises interested in obtaining a provider
certificate for any aeronautical service, including specialty air
services, must demonstrate that effective control and management
of the enterprise, and at least 51 percent of the capital, are in the
hands of Costa Rican nationals.
Certificates for the supply of any aeronautical service shall be
issued to enterprises constituted under foreign law, based on the
principle of reciprocity.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-17
Every holder of a provider certificate must maintain an operation
and maintenance base in Costa Rica.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-18
Sector: Air Transportation Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 10.4)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 10.10)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 5150 of 14 May 1973 – Ley General de Aviación Civil –
Arts. 36, 37, 42, 149, 156, and 179
Executive Decree No. 3326-T of 25 October 1973 – Reglamento
para el Otorgamiento de Certificados de Explotación – Arts. 5 and
6
Executive Decree No. 4440-T of 3 January 1975 – Reglamento
para la Operación del Registro Aeronáutico Costarricense – Arts.
20 and 38
Executive Decree No. 4637-T of 18 February 1975 – Reglamento
de Licencias para Personal Técnico Aeronáutico – Art. 23
Description: Investment
Only Costa Rican nationals or enterprises may supply domestic air
transport services, whether regular or non-regular.
In order to supply these services, the Costa Rican enterprise must
meet the following requirements: (a) at least 51 percent of its
capital must be owned by Costa Rican nationals; and (b) effective
control and management of the enterprise must be in the hands of
Costa Rican nationals. Foreign nationals cannot be members of
the Board of Directors of such enterprises.
Only Costa Rican nationals or enterprises may register aircraft in
the Registro Aeronáutico Costarricense to be used for remunerated
airborne activities.
Foreign nationals that legally reside in the country may also
register aircraft used exclusively for non-commercial purposes.
In the absence of agreements or conventions, certificates for the
supply of international air transportation shall be issued based on
the principle of reciprocity.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-19
Sector: Tourist Guides
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Executive Decree No. 31030-MEIC-TUR of 17 January 2003 –
Reglamento de los Guías de Turismo – Art. 11
Description: Cross-Border Services
Only Costa Rican nationals may apply for tour guide licenses.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-20
Sector: Travel Agencies and Tourism
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 5339 of 24 August 1973 – Ley Reguladora de las
Agencias de Viajes – Art. 8
Executive Decree No. 24863-H-TUR of 5 December 1995 –
Reglamento de la Ley de Incentivos para el Desarrollo Turístico –
Art. 16
Description: Cross-Border Services
Costa Rica reserves the right to limit the number of travel agencies
authorized to operate in Costa Rica based on demand for that
service.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-21
Sector: Transportation Services – Custom Brokers - Assistant Custom
Brokers – Custom Transportation Agents
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 7557 of 20 October 1995 – Ley General de Aduanas y sus
reformas – Arts. 28, 29, 33, 35, 40, 41, 44, 46, and 49
Executive Decree No. 25270-H of 14 June 1996 – Reglamento a la
Ley General de Aduanas – Arts. 77, 78, and 113
Description: Cross-Border Services
Only persons or enterprises that have a legal representative and
corporate headquarters in Costa Rica may act as a customs
transportation agent, international freight agent, customs
depositary, or other public function customs auxiliary.
Only Costa Rican nationals may act as customs brokers.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-22
Sector: Telecommunications Related Services – Radio and Television
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Articles 10.4 and 11.3)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 10.10)
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica – Art.121
paragraph 14
Law No. 1758 of 19 June 1954 – Ley de Radio y Televisión – Arts.
1, 2, 3, and 7
Executive Decree No. 21 of 29 September 1958 – Reglamento
para la Operación de Radiodifusoras de Televisión – Art. 4
Executive Decree No. 63 of 11 December 1956 – Reglamento de
Estaciones Inalámbricas – Arts. 7, 13, 15, and 30
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
In Costa Rica, wireless services may not be permanently removed
from State ownership and may be supplied only by the public
administration or by private parties, in accordance with the law or
under a special concession granted for a limited period of time and
on the basis of conditions and stipulations to be established by the
Legislative Assembly.
Only a Costa Rican national or enterprise with at least 65 percent
of its capital owned by Costa Rican nationals may establish or
manage an enterprise that supplies wireless services. This
restriction does not apply to the establishment and operation of
ham radio stations, but rights shall not be granted to a foreign
national residing in Costa Rica when the country of origin of the
foreign national does not grant that same right to Costa Rican
nationals.
Only a Costa Rican national or enterprise that has nominal capital
stock and is owned by Costa Rican nationals may obtain a license
for Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio broadcasting services.
Only a Costa Rican national or enterprise with at least 65 percent
of its capital owned by Costa Rican nationals may obtain a license
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-23
or be awarded a free over the air broadcast television channel for
signals that originate in Costa Rica.
Only a Costa Rican national or enterprise with at least 65 percent
of its capital owned by Costa Rican nationals may obtain a license
to operate radio; ham radio; radio-television; and maritime,
aeronautical, meteorological, and private broadcasting stations.
Directors and administrators of enterprises supplying radio and
television services must be Costa Rican by birth or must have been
naturalized Costa Ricans for at least ten years.
The right to establish radiographic stations in Costa Rica for
transmission or reception of official messages is permanently
reserved to the State, and is not subject to concession.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-24
Sector: Wholesale and Retail Distribution – Crude Oil and Its Derivatives
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 7356 of 24 August 1993 – Ley del Monopolio Estatal de
Hidrocarburos Administrado por Recope “Establece Monopolio a
favor del Estado para la Importación, Refinación y Distribución de
Petróleo, Combustibles, Asfaltos y Naftas” – Art.1
Law No. 7593 of 9 August 1996 – Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora
de los Servicios Públicos – Arts. 5, 9, and 13
Description: Cross-Border Services
Wholesale distribution of crude oil and its derivatives – including
fuel, asphalt, and naphtha – is subject to a State monopoly.
Costa Rica reserves the right to limit the number of concessions for
retail distributors of crude oil and its derivates – including fuel,
asphalt, and naphtha – based on demand for the service. Priority
will be given to concessionaires already supplying the service.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-25
Sector: Services Incidental to Mining – Hydrocarbon Exploration
Obligations Concerned: Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica – Art. 121
Law No. 7399 of 3 May 1994 – Ley de Hidrocarburos – Arts. 1
and 22
Executive Decree No. 24735-MIRENEM of 29 September 1995 –
Reglamento a la Ley de Hidrocarburos – Art. 17
Executive Decree No. 28148-MINAE of 30 August 1999 –
Reglamento de Cesión de Derechos y Obligaciones de Contratos
de Exploración y Explotación de Hidrocarburos – Art. 3
Description: Cross-Border Services
If the recipient of a concession for hydrocarbon exploration and
other services incidental to the mining of hydrocarbons that is
organized under the law of a foreign country, it must have a branch
office and legal representative in Costa Rica.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-26
Sector: Mining and Services Incidental to Mining – Ores Other than
Hydrocarbons
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica – Art. 121,
paragraph 14
Law No. 6797 of 4 October 1982 – Código de Minería – Arts. 1, 4,
6, 7, 9, 11, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, and 74
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
Exploration and other services incidental to the mining of any
radioactive minerals in Costa Rica may be supplied only by the
State or by private parties under a concession, in accordance with
the Constitution.
Concessions for mining or exploration of ores other than
hydrocarbons may not be granted to foreign governments or their
representatives. Concessionaires that are enterprises organized
under foreign law or natural persons not resident in Costa Rica
must appoint a legal representative with full powers of attorney to
acquire rights and enter into obligations on behalf of the
represented natural persons or enterprise, and must also maintain
an office in Costa Rica.
Banks of the Costa Rican Banking System shall not grant funds in
an amount greater than ten percent of the total investment to
enterprises with more than 50 percent foreign ownership.
Only individuals can constitute mining cooperatives, and 75
percent of the members must be Costa Rican nationals.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-27
Sector: Scientific and Research Services
Obligations Concerned: Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 7788 of 30 April 1998 – Ley de Biodiversidad – Art. 63
Description: Cross-Border Services
Foreign nationals or enterprises domiciled abroad that supply
scientific research and bioprospecting2 services with regard to
biodiversity3 in Costa Rica shall designate a legal representative
that resides in Costa Rica.
2
Bioprospecting includes the systematic search, classification, and investigation, for commercial purposes, of new
sources of chemical compounds, genes, proteins, microorganisms, and other products with real or potential
economic value found in biodiversity.
3
Biodiversity includes the variability of live organisms of any source, found in land, air, marine, aquatic, or other
ecological ecosystems, as well as the diversity within each species and between species and the ecosystems of which
they are a part. Biodiversity also includes intangible elements such as: the knowledge, innovation, and individual or
collective traditional practice, with real or potential economic value, associated with genetic and bio-chemical
resources protected or not by intellectual property rights or sui generis registry systems.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-28
Sector: Free Zones
Obligations Concerned: Performance Requirements (Article 10.9)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 7210 of 23 November 1990 – Ley de Régimen de Zonas
Francas – Art. 22
Executive Decree No. 29606-H-COMEX of 18 June 2001 –
Reglamento a la Ley de Régimen de Zonas Francas – Arts. 55 and
57
Description: Investment
An enterprise established in the Free Zone in Costa Rica may not
introduce more than 25 percent of its total sales in goods or 50
percent of its total sales in services into Costa Rica’s customs
territory. An enterprise established in the Free Zone in Costa Rica
that only repackages or redistributes goods but does not alter them
may not introduce any such goods into Costa Rica’s customs
territory.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-29
Sector: Services Incidental to Agriculture and Forestry
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 7317 of 30 October 1992 – Ley de Conservación de la
Vida Silvestre – Arts. 28, 29, 31, 38, 39, 64, and 66
Executive Decree No. 26435-MINAE of 1 October 1997 –
Reglamento a la Ley de Conservación de la Vida Silvestre – Art.
32
Description: Cross-Border Services
A license for scientific or cultural collection of species shall be
issued for a maximum of one year for nationals or residents, and
six months or less for all other foreigners.
Nationals and residents shall pay a lower fee than non-resident
foreigners to obtain the license referred to above.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-30
Sector: Fisheries and Services Incidental to Fishing
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Performance Requirements (Article 10.9)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica – Art. 6
Law 190 of 28 September 1948 – Ley de Pesca y Caza Marítimas
– Art. 7
Law No. 6267 of 29 August 1978 – Reforma a la Ley de Pesca y
Barcos de Bandera Extranjera en Mar Patrimonial – Arts. 3, 5,
and 14
Executive Decree No. 23943-MOPT-MAG of 5 January 1995 –
Reglamento Regulador del Procedimiento para Otorgar Licencias
de Pesca a Buques Extranjeros que Deseen Ejercer la Actividad de
Pesca en Aguas Jurisdiccionales Costarricenses – Art. 6
Executive Decree No. 12737-A of 23 June 1981 – Reserva con
Exclusividad la Pesca para Fines Comerciales a Costarricenses –
Art. 1
Executive Decree No. 17658-MAG of 17 July 1987 – Clasifica
Permisos para Pesca de Camarones en el Litoral Pacífico – Arts.
1, 2, and 3
Description: Investment
The State exercises complete and exclusive sovereignty over its
territorial waters within a distance of 12 miles measured from the
low-tide mark along its shores, over its continental shelf, and its
insular undersea base, in accordance with principles of
international law. It also exercises special jurisdiction over the
seas adjacent to its territory within a distance of two hundred miles
measured from the same mark, in order to protect, preserve, and
exploit exclusively all the natural resources and wealth existing in
the waters, soil, and subsoil of those zones, in accordance with
those principles.
Catch of shrimp and fish with scales may only be allowed in Costa
Rica with vessels built in the country with wood obtained in Costa
Rica and made by Costa Rican nationals.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-31
Foreign flag fishing vessels may pay lower fees and benefit from
automatic renewal of fishing permits if they supply their catch to
national enterprises. National enterprises are those with at least 51
percent of their capital belonging to Costa Rican nationals.
Commercial fishing within the 12 miles of Costa Rican territorial
waters is exclusively reserved to Costa Rican nationals and Costa
Rican enterprises with at least 51 percent of their capital belonging
to Costa Rican nationals that fish with vessels flying the Costa
Rican flag.
The commercial catch of shrimp in Costa Rican territorial waters
of the Pacific Ocean is reserved to vessels with Costa Rican
registry and flag owned by Costa Rican nationals.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-32
Sector: Electric Energy
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica – Art. 121
Law No. 7200 of 28 April 1990 – Ley que Autoriza la Generación
Eléctrica Autónoma o Paralela – Arts. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 26 as
amended by Law No. 7508 of 09 May 1995 – Ley sobre Reforma
a la Ley que Autoriza la Generación Autónoma o Paralela – Arts.
2 and 3
Law No. 7789 of 30 April 1998 – Transformación de la Empresa
de Servicios Públicos de Heredia – Art. 15
Executive Decree No. 20346 MIRENEM of 21 March 1991 –
Reglamento a la Ley que Autoriza la Generación Eléctrica
Autónoma o Paralela – Arts. 4, 5, 6, and 8
Executive Decree No. 24866-MINAE of 12 December 1995 –
Reglamento al Capítulo II de la Ley de Generación Paralela:
Régimen de Competencia – Art. 34
Law No. 7593 of 9 August 1996 – Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora
de los Servicios Públicos – Arts. 5, 9, and 13
Law No. 8345 of 20 February 2003 – Ley de Participación de las
Cooperativas de Electrificación Rural y de las Empresas de
Servicios Públicos Municipales en el Desarrollo Nacional – Arts.
1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, and 13
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
Costa Rica reserves the right to grant concessions for the
transmission, distribution, and trade of electric energy by
legislation based on demand for the service. Priority will be given
to concessionaires already supplying the service.
For greater certainty, some of the enterprises that currently have
concessions to supply these services include: Instituto
Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE); Empresa de Servicios
Públicos de Heredia; Junta Administrativa del Servicio Eléctrico
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-33
Municipal de Cartago (JASEC); Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y
Luz; and cooperative associations, cooperative consortiums, and
public municipal service enterprises in accordance with the
provisions of Law No. 8345.
All of these enterprises may enter into joint ventures with public or
private enterprises to supply their services, subject to the
provisions stipulated by law. In the case of Empresa de Servicios
Públicos de Heredia, no less than 51 percent of the capital of the
private enterprise may be owned by Costa Rican nationals.
Private persons may invest in activities for the operation of limited
capacity power plants4 not exceeding 20,000 kW, provided they
meet the following requirements:
(a) ICE may purchase electricity from enterprises in which no
less than 35 percent of the capital is owned by Costa Rican
nationals.
(b) Enterprises organized under foreign law that sign a power
purchase contract with ICE must establish a branch office in
Costa Rica.
4
For greater certainty, ICE may authorize the operation of a limited capacity plant, provided that the power
generated by all such private plants in Costa Rica does not represent more than 15 percent of the total power
produced by all public and private plants in the national electric system. Also for greater certainty, any power
generated using water in the public domain may be provided only by the State or by private parties, under a
concession, in accordance with the Constitution.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-34
Sector: Higher Education Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 10.10)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Executive Decree No. 30431 of 23 April 2002 – Reglamento de la
Educación Superior Parauniversitaria – Arts. 6 and 61, paragraph
(d)
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
No less than 85 percent of the faculty, administrative faculty, and
administrative staff of a private institute of higher education must
be Costa Rican nationals.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-35
Sector: Human Health Service Professionals – Physicians and Surgeons,
Dental Surgeons, Microbiologists, Pharmacists, Nurses, and
Nutritionists
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 7559 of 9 November 1995 – Ley de Servicio Social
Obligatorio para los Profesionales en las Ciencias de la Salud –
Arts. 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7
Executive Decree No. 25068 of 21 March 1996 – Reglamento de
Servicio Social Obligatorio para los Profesionales en Ciencias de
la Salud – Arts.7, 13, 14, 17, 18, 21, and 22
Executive Decree No. 25841-S of 5 February 1997 – Reforma al
Reglamento de Servicio Social Obligatorio para los Profesionales
en Ciencias de la Salud – Art. 1
Description: Cross-Border Services
All Physicians and Surgeons, Dental Surgeons, Microbiologists,
Pharmacists, Nurses, and Nutritionists must perform the equivalent
of a one-year continuous, remunerated mandatory social services
requirement.
The assignment of the slots to perform mandatory social services is
made through a drawing. If there are enough slots to perform
mandatory social services for all applicants, applicants who are
Costa Rican nationals are given priority over applicants who are
foreign nationals with respect to assignment of the specific slots.
If the number of slots offered in the drawing is less than the
number of applicants, applicants who are Costa Rican nationals
shall have the priority to freely choose if they want to participate or
not in the drawing. Such choice shall be respected as long as the
number of applicants who do not wish to choose a slot is equal to
or less than the number of shortage of slots. When the number of
applicants who are Costa Rican nationals that do not wish to
participate in the drawing exceeds the number of shortage of slots,
a lottery shall be made among them to determine who shall
participate in the drawing of slots.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-36
If there is still a shortage of slots when the applicants who are
Costa Rican nationals have already made their choice, the same
procedure shall be applied for the drawing of slots among
applicants who are foreign nationals.
Subject to the conditions and terms included in the legislation and
regulations applicable to each professional category listed above,
the mandatory social service requirement may be waived for
temporary professional practice.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-37
Sector: Audiovisuals – Advertising – Services of Cinema, Radio,
Television, and Other Shows
Obligations Concerned: Performance Requirements (Article 10.9)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Articles 10.4 and 11.3)
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 6220 of 20 April 1978 – Regula Medios de Difusión y
Agencias de Publicidad – Art. 3
Law No. 1758 of 19 June 1954 – Ley de Radio y Televisión – Art.
11
Executive Decree No. 12764-G of 22 June 1981 – Reglamenta Ley
de Publicidad – Arts. 1 and 5
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
Mass media and advertising services may only be provided by
entrerprises incorporated in Costa Rica with nominative stock or
established as “sociedades personales” under Costa Rican law.
Radio and television programs must observe the following rules:
• If the commercials consist of jingles recorded abroad, a lump
sum must be paid every time the commercial is aired on
domestically transmitted television. Only 30 percent of the
commercials aired on each domestic television station or
projected in each cinema may originate from abroad.
• Commercials imported in a physical medium from outside the
Central American region and aired on domestically transmitted
television must pay a tax equivalent to 100 percent of the
declared value of the production of the commercial. Radio,
movie, or television commercials are considered national when
they are produced in any of the Central American countries
with which there is reciprocity in the matter.
• The number of radio programs and radio soap operas recorded
abroad may not exceed 50 percent of the total number aired per
domestically transmitted radio station per day.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-38
• The number of programs filmed or videotaped abroad may be
limited to 60 percent of the total number of programs aired on
domestically transmitted television per day.
Radio, movie, or television commercials are considered national
when at least 90 percent of the jingle has been composed or
arranged by Costa Rican nationals, at least 90 percent of the image
has been drawn, photographed, printed, filmed, or videotaped by
Costa Rican nationals, and when at least 90 percent of the technical
personnel participating in the overall production are Costa Rican
nationals.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-39
Sector: News Agency Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Executive Decree No. 14931-C of 20 October 1983 – Reforma
Reglamento Ley Orgánica Colegio Periodistas – Arts. 6 and 26
Executive Decree No. 15294-C of 27 February 1984
Description: Cross-Border Services
Except as authorized, a journalist who is a foreign national may
cover events in Costa Rica only if he or she is a resident of Costa
Rica.
The Board of Directors of the Colegio de Periodistas may grant
non-resident foreign nationals a special permit to cover events in
Costa Rica for up to one year and may extend that period, provided
that doing so does not harm or conflict with the interests of
members of the Colegio de Periodistas.
If the Colegio de Periodistas decides that an event of international
importance will or has occurred in Costa Rica, the Colegio de
Periodistas may grant a non-resident foreign national with
appropriate professional credentials a temporary permit to cover
the event for the foreign media the journalist represents. Such
permit may be valid for up to one month after the event.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-40
Sector: Sports Services and Other Entertainment Services
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 7744 of 19 December 1997 – Ley de Concesión y
Operación de Marinas Turísticas – Arts. 1, 12, and 21
Executive Decree No. 27030-TUR-MINAE-MOPT of 20 May
1998 – Reglamento a la Ley de Concesión y Funcionamiento de
Marinas Turísticas – Art. 52
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
To obtain concessions to develop tourism marinas or docking
facilities, enterprises with their principal place of business abroad
must be established in Costa Rica.
Foreign nationals shall appoint a representative with sufficient
legal authority and with permanent residence in Costa Rica.
All foreign flag vessels using marina services may remain in the
Costa Rican exclusive economic zone for a maximum period of
two years, extendable for like periods. While in Costa Rica,
foreign flag vessels and their crew cannot supply water
transportation services or fishing, diving, or other sports or
tourism-related activities, except tourism cruises.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-41
Sector: Railroads, Ports, and Airports
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica – Art.121,
paragraph 14
Law No. 7762 of 14 April 1998 – Ley General de Concesión de
Obras Públicas con Servicios Públicos – Arts. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 31
Description: Cross-Border Services
National railroads, docks, and airports – the latter while in use –
may not be sold, leased or encumbered, directly or indirectly, or be
otherwise removed from State ownership and control.
The Executive Branch may grant concessions for railroads,
railways, docks, and international airports. In the case of Limon,
Moin, Caldera, and Puntarenas docks, concessions may only be
granted for future works or expansions.
All enterprises holding railroad, port or airport concession must be
organized under Costa Rican law and domiciled in Costa Rica.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-42
Sector: Wireless Services
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Articles 10.4 and 11.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica – Art. 121,
paragraph 14
Law No. 1758 of 19 June 1954 – Ley de Radio y Televisión – Arts.
1, 2, 3, and 25
Description: Cross Border Services and Investment
In Costa Rica, wireless services may not be permanently removed
from State ownership and may be supplied only by the public
administration or by private parties, in accordance with the law or
under a special concession granted for a limited period of time and
on the basis of conditions and stipulations to be established by the
Legislative Assembly.
The right to establish radiographic stations in Costa Rica for
transmission or reception of official messages, is permanently
reserved to the State, and is not subject to concession.
Only a Costa Rican national or enterprise with at least 65 percent
of its capital owned by Costa Rican nationals may establish or
manage an enterprise that supplies wireless services. This
restriction does not apply to the establishment and operation of
ham radio stations, but rights shall not be granted to a foreign
national residing in Costa Rica when the country of origin of the
foreign national does not grant that same right to Costa Rican
nationals.
Notwithstanding the measures listed above, including any
requirements regarding ownership of capital by Costa Rican
nationals, Costa Rica shall allow telecommunications services
providers of another Party, on a non-discriminatory basis, to
effectively compete to supply directly to the customer, through the
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-43
technology of their choice, the following telecommunications
services in its territory:5
(i) private network services,6 no later than January 1, 2006;
(ii) Internet services,7 no later than January 1, 2006; and
(iii) mobile wireless services,8 no later than January 1, 2007.
5
If Costa Rica requires a license for the provision of a listed service, Costa Rica shall make licenses available within
the timeframes specified in this subparagraph.
6
Private network services (closed-user group services) mean networks provided for communications with no
interconnection to the public switched telecommunications network at either end. Nothing in this Annex shall be
construed to prevent Costa Rica from prohibiting persons operating private networks from using their networks to
supply public telecommunications networks or services to third parties.
7
Internet services shall include electronic mail; retrieval and processing on-line information and databases and
electronic data exchange services, and offering the ability to access the Internet.
8
Mobile wireless services mean voice, data, and/or broadband services provided by radio electric means in
specifically allocated bands, using mobile or fixed terminal equipment, using cellular, PCS (Personal
Communications Service), satellite, or any other similar technology that may be developed in the future for these
services.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-44
Sector: On Premise Supply of Liquors for Consumption
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 10 of 7 October 1936 – Ley sobre la Venta de Licores –
Arts. 8, 11, and 16
Description: Cross-Border Services
Municipalities decide the number of establishments selling liquor
that can be authorized in each one of the areas under their
jurisdiction. In no case can this number exceed the following
proportion:
(a) in province capitals, one establishment selling foreign
liquor and one establishment selling domestic liquor per
three hundred residents;
(b) in all other cities with over one thousand inhabitants, one
establishment selling foreign liquor per five hundred
residents and one establishment selling domestic liquor per
three hundred residents;
(c) cities under one thousand residents but over five hundred
residents may have two establishments selling foreign
liquor and two selling domestic liquor; and
(d) any other cities with five hundred residents or less may
have one establishment selling foreign liquor and one
establishment selling domestic liquor.
No establishment for on-premise supply of liquors for consumption
will be allowed outside the perimeter of cities or where no
permanent police authority exists.
In a public auction, no person may receive authorization for more
than one establishment selling foreign liquor and one establishment
selling domestic liquor in the same city.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Costa Rica
I-CR-45
Sector: Lottery Sale Services
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Law No. 7395 of 3 May 1994 – Ley de Loterías – Art. 2
Law No. 1387 of 21 November 1951 – Ley de Rifas y Loterías –
Art. 1
Description: Cross-Border Services
The Junta de Protección Social de San José shall be the sole
manager and distributor of lottery, except for the “Juego Crea”.
All lottery, “tiempos”, raffles, and clubs that award prizes
consisting of payments in cash are prohibited, except for the
“Juego Crea” and those issued by the Junta de Protección Social
de San José.
Dominican Republic Schedule
Schedule of the Dominican Republic
Sector: All Sectors
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Measures: - Ley sobre Inversión Extranjera, No. 16-95, November 20, 1995,
Art. 5
- Ley General sobre Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, No.
64-00, August 18, 2000, Art. 101
Description: Investment
Only Dominican nationals may perform activities related to the
disposal of toxic, hazardous, or dangerous or radioactive waste
produced outside the Dominican Republic.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-2
Sector: Professional Services – Legal Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Measures: - Ley del Notariado, No. 301, June 18, 1964, Arts. 4, 5, and 10
- Ley de Organización Judicial, y sus modificaciones, No. 821,
November 21, 1927, Chapter XI, Art. 73
- Ley que crea el Colegio de Abogados, No. 91, February 3, 1983,
Art. 4
Description: Cross-Border Services
To practice law before the courts in the Dominican Republic or to
render public notary services a lawyer must be a Dominican
national and a member of the Colegio de Abogados.
A foreign lawyer may render legal services other than those related
to the judicial function or appearing in court provided the foreign
lawyer is a member of the Colegio de Abogados.
A foreign lawyer who is not a member of the Colegio de Abogados
may supply foreign legal consulting services provided that the
foreign lawyer is licensed to practice law in a jurisdiction that
permits Dominican nationals to supply foreign legal consulting
services. The Dominican Republic shall permit foreign lawyers
who are supplying foreign legal consulting services from the
territory of a Party into the territory of the Dominican Republic in
the period preceding the date of signature of this Agreement to
continue supplying such services.
The authorization of new notaries public is subject to quotas,
proportional to the number of inhabitants in each municipality and
the national district.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-3
A foreign lawyer may become a member of the Colegio de
Abogados:
(a) by obtaining a law degree in the Dominican Republic;
(b) by obtaining revalidation of a law degree issued in a
foreign country; or
(c) if the government of a jurisdiction in which the foreign
national has a license to practice law has an agreement with
the Dominican Republic establishing reciprocal treatment
for Dominican lawyers.
For purposes of this entry:
(a) lawyer means in general all persons who, in the exercise of
a function and by reason of special knowledge regarding
the law, render legal advice, and includes professors and
researchers working in universities, all the judges of the
Dominican Republic, court-appointed lawyers (abogados
de oficio), public prosecutors, public notaries, legal
advisors and consultants to natural or corporate persons,
public or private; and
(b) foreign legal consulting service means providing advice
by a lawyer regarding matters with respect to which the
lawyer or law firm is authorized to render legal services in
his, her, or its home market.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-4
Sector: Professional Services – Architectural and Engineering Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Measures: - Ley sobre el Ejercicio de Ingeniería, la Arquitectura, la
Agrimensura y Profesiones Afines, No. 6200, February 22, 1962,
Arts. 17, 18, and 19
- Decreto que Reglamenta el Ejercicio Rrofesional del Ingeniero
Químico, No.511-86, June 26, 1986, Arts. 8, 9, and 10
- Ley sobre la Promoción del Desarrollo Turístico en Destinos
Subdesarrollados y en Nuevos Destinos en Provincias y
Localidades con Potencial Extraordinario, que Crea el Fondo
Oficial para la Promoción del Turismo, No. 158-01, October 9,
2001, Art. 14
Description: Cross-Border Services
Only members of the Colegio Dominicano de Ingenieros,
Arquitectos y Agrimensores de la Republica Dominicana
(“CODIA”) may practice as engineers, architects, and land
surveyors. A foreign professional who meets the relevant
qualifications may join CODIA as long as Dominican nationals are
not prohibited from practicing in the jurisdiction in which the
foreign professional is licensed.
However, professionals who graduated from foreign universities
who are not members of CODIA may practice in the Dominican
Republic when:
(a) the Executive Branch, in special and justified cases,
contracts their services to perform specialized jobs or
technical consulting in those fields of the profession in
which such services are necessary; or
(b) an enterprise or institution contracts the professional to
supply a specific service for a specified time and
sufficiently demonstrates the necessity for this to CODIA,
which will then authorize the professional to supply the
service.
A Dominican chemical engineer must review the plans for and
installation of any production facility constructed in the Dominican
Republic by foreign technicians or enterprises. In addition, if
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-5
foreign technicians whose activities are related to the chemical
engineering field are used in the installation or start up of a
production facility, at least one Dominican chemical engineer must
have a role in their supervision.
After the installation and start-up of a production facility, the
facility may not employ foreign technicians related to the field of
chemical engineering if Dominican engineers with the relevant
expertise are available. If no qualified Dominican engineer is
available, an enterprise may employ foreign technicians, but only
as long as their number is proportionate to the number of
Dominican technicians.1 However, this requirement does not
apply to enterprises that employ at least one Dominican engineer.
To provide architectural and engineering services related to
construction, persons who are not members of CODIA must
associate with a CODIA member.
A Dominican professional must prepare any projects and
preliminary plans that are submitted to qualify for benefits from
the Fondo Oficial de Promoción Turística.
Foreign nationals and enterprises organized under foreign law must
associate with an enterprise organized under Dominican law in
order to provide services related to urban and architectural studies
for a tourism-related project.
1
In practice, an enterprise may meet this requirement at any time by employing three Dominican technicians for
every seven foreign technicians.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-6
Sector: Professional Services
Accounting, Auditing, and Bookkeeping Services.
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Measures: - Decreto que aprueba el Reglamento Interno del Instituto de
Contadores Públicos Autorizados de la República Dominicana,
No. 2032, June 1, 1984, Art. 6
- Código de Ética Profesional del Instituto de Contadores Públicos
Autorizados de la República Dominicana (ICPARD), October 9,
2001, Art. 3.2.13
Description: Cross-Border Services
Only Dominican nationals may practice as Certified Public
Accountants in the Dominican Republic. Foreign public
accountants, auditors, or bookkeepers, as individuals or
enterprises, may practice their profession only in association with a
Dominican accountant.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-7
Sector: Professional Services – Health Services and Related Professions
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Measures: - Ley General de Salud, No.42-01, March 8, 2001, Arts. 92 and 93
- Ley que crea el Colegio Dominicano de Psicólogos/as, No. 22-
01, February 1, 2001, Art. 4-c
- Ley que Establece un Impuesto sobre los Honorarios Cobrados
por Médicos Extranjeros que Ejerzan en la República Dominicana,
No. 3491, March 6, 1953, Art. 12
Description: Cross-Border Services
Foreign nationals graduated from foreign universities may practice
health-related professions in the Dominican Republic provided
that:
(a) there is an agreement between governments allowing
professionals to practice in both countries;
(b) the service is not offered or is insufficient in the Dominican
Republic; and
(c) the foreigner has the degree certified for equivalency and
obtains an exequátur from the Executive Branch.
However, health professionals authorized by the Secretaría de
Estado de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social (SESPAS) may
practice their profession provided they are visiting the country to
render public health services on a non-profit basis.
Other health professionals may practice medicine or surgery on a
temporary basis if requested or contracted by a clinic or hospital of
the Dominican Republic and authorized by SESPAS and by the
Asociación Médica Dominicana. For greater certainty, such
temporary practice may include training, demonstration, lecturing,
or research through a health-related facility, including a university
or laboratory. Before leaving the country, the facility or the
foreign health professional must present a declaration to SESPAS
2
The reference in Article 1 of Law No. 3491 to Law No. 289 does not signify that Article 1, 2, or 3 of Law No. 289
is a measure within the scope of this entry.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-8
stating in detail the amounts, if any, the professional has charged to
private patients.
To offer psychology services in the Dominican Republic a
professional must be permanent resident.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-9
Sector: Energy Related Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Measures: - Ley General de Electricidad, No. 125-01, July 26, 2001, Art. 53
- Ley General de Reforma de la Empresa Pública, No. 141-97,
June 24, 1997, Arts. 13 and 14
Description: Cross-Border Services
Three joint ventures currently distribute electricity on an exclusive
basis within specified regions of the Dominican Republic pursuant
to concessions granted by the Government of the Dominican
Republic.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-10
Sector: Mining
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Measures: - Ley de Minería de la República Dominicana, No.146, June 4,
1971, Art. 9
Description: Investment
Mining concessions may not be granted to any foreign government
either directly or through the intermediation of a natural person or
an enterprise. In duly justified cases, and with the prior approval
of the National Congress, the Executive Branch may enter into
special agreements with foreign mining enterprises that are
partially or wholly state-owned.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-11
Sector: Communications – Audio-Visual Services
Obligations Concerned: Performance Requirements (Article 10.9)
National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Measures: - Decreto que introduce modificaciones en el Reglamento No. 824,
del 25 de marzo de 1971, sobre la Operación de la Comisión
Nacional de Espectáculos Públicos y Radiodifusión, No. 4306,
February 22, 1974, Arts. 101 and 109
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
Only Dominican nationals may work as announcers for a radio or
television broadcast to a national audience in the territory of the
Dominican Republic. However, the Comisión Nacional de
Espectáculos Públicos y Radiofonía may authorize enterprises that
make such broadcasts, in special cases and for a period of six
months, to hire foreign nationals to serve as announcers. This
authorization may be extended at the discretion of the National
Commission for Public Entertainment and Radio.
Only Dominican nationals may serve as sports narrators, including
commercial announcers and commentators, in transmitting
sporting events for a national audience in the Domincan Republic.
However, foreign nationals may serve as sports narrators as long as
in their country of origin Dominican sportscasters may also do so.
In all radio programming that originates in the Dominican
Republic, 50 percent of the music played shall be by Dominican
authors, composers, and singers.
For every three soap operas that are broadcast for a national
audience in the Dominican Republic, one must be by Dominican
authors and must have been made in the Dominican Republic.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-12
Sector: Communications – Advertising Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Measures: - Reglamento sobre la Operación de la Comisión Nacional de
Espectáculos Públicos y Radiodifusión, No. 824, March 25, 1971,
Art. 74.
Description: Cross-Border Services
Seventy-five percent of all artists, announcers, singers and other
participants in the production of any jingle, video, tape, script,
advertisement for use in cinemas (cintas cinematográficas), or
commercial that is transmitted and presented on radio and
television must be Dominican nationals. For greater certainty, this
requirement applies only to such advertisements that are produced
in the Dominican Republic.
However, if a commercial for Dominican goods and services to be
sold in the Dominican Republic needs to be produced abroad, 25
percent of the artists and production personnel in charge of
production must be Dominican nationals.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-13
Sector: Communications – News Agency Services
Obligations Concerned: Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 10.10)
Measures: - Ley sobre Expresión y Difusión del Pensamiento, No. 6132,
December 15, 1972, Art. 5
Description: Investment
The senior manager of every newspaper or periodical produced in
the Dominican Republic must be a Dominican national.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-14
Sector: Communications – Broadcasting
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Measures: - Ley General de Telecomunicaciones, No. 153-98, May 27, 1998,
Chapters V, X and XI
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
In order to obtain a corresponding authorization to install and
operate broadcast networks and to provide broadcast services in
the Dominican Republic it is required to have a legal domicile in
the Dominican Republic and be a stock company (compañia por
acciones) or a non-profit organization incorporated under the laws
of the Dominican Republic.
Only Dominican nationals may own and control an enterprise that
provides public radio broadcasting services that originate in the
Dominican Republic.
For greater certainty, this entry does not apply to content providers.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-15
Sector: Communications
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Measures: - Ley General de Telecomunicaciones, No. 153-98, May 27, 1998,
Chapter V
Description: Cross-Border Services
In order to obtain the corresponding authorization to install and
operate telecommunications networks in the Dominican Republic,
in order to provide telecommunications services to users in the
Dominican Republic, it is required to have a legal domicile in the
Dominican Republic and be a stock company (compañia por
acciones) incorporated under the laws of the Dominican Republic.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-16
Sector: Distribution, Trade, and Commission Agent Services
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Performance Requirements (Article 10.9)
Measures: - Ley de Promoción Agrícola y Ganadera, No. 532, December 12,
1969, Art. 41
- Reglamento sobre Preparación, Clasificación y Transporte del
Café, No. 7107, September 18, 1961, Art. 15
- Ley que Establece que el Instituto de Estabilización de Precios
será el Distribuidor Único del Azúcar de Producción Nacional
para el Consumo Interno, No. 80, November 28, 1974, Art. 1
- Ley que Crea e Integra el Consejo de Administración Salinera,
como Distribuidor Exclusivo de toda la Sal en Grano de Origen
Marino Producido en el País, No. 286-98, July 29, 1998, Art. 1, y
su Reglamento de Aplicación, No. 1294-00, December 13, 2001
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
Only enterprises organized as stock companies (compañias por
acciones) under Dominican law may operate as deposit
warehouses for the care and conservation of imported goods.
Coffee for export must be packed in locally manufactured sacks.
Only the Instituto de Estabilización de Precios (INESPRE) may
distribute domestically produced sugar in the Dominican Republic.
Only the Consejo de Administración Salinera may distribute
marine unrefined salt produced in the Dominican Republic.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-17
Sector: Tourism and Services Related to Travel
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Measures: - Ley Orgánica de Turismo, No. 541, December 31, 1969, Arts. 18
and 23
- Reglamento para el Trasporte Terrestre Turístico de Pasajeros,
No. 817-03, August 20, 2003, Art. 11
- Decreto que Autoriza el Establecimiento de Casinos, Juegos de
Bingo y Tragamonedas, No. 6273, December 8, 1960, Art. 2
Description: Cross-Border Services
To operate in the Dominican Republic, foreign travel agencies and
tour operators must be duly authorized in their country of origin
and represented by a local agency.
Tour guide licenses may be granted to foreign nationals only in
exceptional circumstances, such as when no Dominican tour guide
can satisfy the needs of a particular tour group, including the need
to speak a particular language.
All casino and game employees must be Dominican nationals.
Drivers for land transport of tourists must be Dominican nationals
or foreign nationals resident in the Dominican Republic.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-18
Sector: Recreational and Cultural Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Measures: - Ley sobre Expresión y Difusión del Pensamiento, No. 6132,
December 15, 1972, Art. 33
- Reglamento sobre la Operación de la Comisión Nacional de
Espectáculos Públicos y Radiodifusión, No. 824, March 25,1971,
Art. 122
Description: Cross-Border Services
Variety shows offered to audiences in theaters, nightclubs, and
other entertainment venues that are performed by foreign artists
must include the performance of one Dominican artist for each
foreign artist.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-19
Sector: Transportation – Maritime Transportation
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 10.10)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Measures: - Ley sobre Policía de Puertos y Costas, No. 3003, May 17, 1951
Art. 56 and its paragraph
- Ley sobre Protección y Desarrollo de la Marina Mercante, No.
180, May 30, 1975, Arts. 1 and 4
- Decreto que Establece el Reglamento Tarifario de la Autoridad
Portuaria Dominicana, No. 572-99, December 30, 1999, Art. 3,
para. I, subparas. a and b, note 2
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
Vessels used for towing, passenger or freight transportation, or
loading or unloading in Dominican ports, as well as vessels used to
navigate inland waterways in the Dominican Republic, must be
Dominican flagged vessels.
Cabotage in the Dominican Republic is exclusively reserved for
national flagged vessels. When a Dominican flag vessel cannot
perform this service, a temporary permit may be granted to a
national shipowner for a foreign flag vessel to offer this service.
All Dominican Republic flag ships of more than 50 tons, providing
cabotage are exempt from the requirement to have a harbor pilot
on board and to pay pilotage fees provided they do not transport
cargo abroad.
When loading and unloading merchandise or passengers,
Dominican Republic flag vessels pay 50 percent of the amount set
for foreign-flag vessels. The fees for foreign flag vessels range
from 1.00 U.S. dollars per foot of beam per day in port to 1.15 U.S.
dollars per foot of beam per day in port.
Tariffs applied to foreign tourist yachts3 will be 0.50 U.S. dollars
per foot of beam per day or its equivalent in Dominican pesos
(RD$). The fees for national tourist yachts range from RD$
300.00 for 25 passengers to RD$ 800.00 for up to 99 passengers,
and for 100 or more passengers, the fee increases by RD$ 10.00 for
each passenger.
3
For greater certainty, this tariff does not apply to cruise vessels.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-20
For purposes of this entry, national shipowner means a shipowner
who is a Dominican national and resides in the Dominican
Republic. If the ship is co-owned or is community property, 70
percent of its value must belong to Dominicans residing in the
Dominican Republic.
Enterprises organized under Dominican law, whose main purpose
is the administration of Dominican flag vessels and maritime
commercial passenger and/or freight transportation, must comply
with the following requirements:
(a) 70 percent of the shares and participations, as well as 70
percent of the subscribed and paid-in capital, must belong
to Dominican nationals that reside in the Dominican
Republic or enterprises organized under Dominican law.
(b) 75 percent of the Board of Directors must be Dominican
nationals residing in the Dominican Republic; and
(c) it must be organized as a stock company (compañia por
acciones) under Dominican law and have its main
headquarters and official domicile in the Dominican
Republic.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-21
Sector: Air Transportation
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3) – Senior Management and
Boards of Directors (Article 10.9)
Measures: - Ley sobre Aeronáutica Civil, No. 505, November 10, 1969, Arts.
128, 130 and 140
- Decreto que Reglamenta u Regula los Operadores, Agentes y
Consignatarios de Vuelos no Regulares, No.751-02, September
19,2002, Arts. 1 and 2
Description: Investment
Air transportation of passengers, cargo or correspondence between
destinations within the Dominican Republic (cabotage) is reserved
for aircraft owned by Dominican persons.
For puposes of the preceding paragraph, enterprises shall be
deemed to be Dominican enterprises when at least 51 percent of
their capital is owned by Dominican nationals and at least 51
percent of their administrators are Dominican nationals as well.
All enterprises performing the functions of operator, agent, or non-
regular (charter) flight consignee, must be organized under
Dominican law, must be at least 51 percent owned by Dominican
nationals, and must employ Dominican nationals in senior
management.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-22
Sector: Air Transportation – Specialty Air Services and Maintenance and
Repair of Aircraft
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Measures: - Ley sobre Aeronáutica Civil, No. 505, November 10, 1969, Arts.
79, 82, and 128
Description: Cross-Border Services
Aerial advertising and publicity, agricultural works, fumigation,
fishing prospects, air taxis, filming, photography, and surveyance
shall be reserved for Dominican persons.
The Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil may issue temporary
permits to foreign pilots that come to the country to perform air
transport services on a temporary basis, provided that it is
demonstrated that there is no available Dominican personnel to
provide the service.
Foreign nationals may engage in remunerated aeronautical
activities only if they hold licenses or certificates either issued in
the Dominican Republic, or issued in a foreign country in which
Dominican nationals holding licenses or certificates issued in the
Dominican Republic are able to engage in such remunerated
aeronautical activities.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-23
Sector: Free Zones
Obligations Concerned: Performance Requirements (Article 10.9)
Measures: - Ley sobre Fomento de Zonas Francas, No. 8-90, January 15,
1990, Art. 17
Description: Investment
An enterprise established in the Free Zone of the Dominican
Republic may not introduce more than 20 percent of its total sales
in goods or services into the Dominican Republic’s customs
territory.
This non-comforming measure shall cease to exist no later than
December 31, 2009 in accordance Article 3.4 (Waiver of Customs
Duties), paragraph 3.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-24
Sector: Oil Exploitation and Exploration Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Measures: - Ley sobre la Exploración, Explotación y Beneficios por
Particulares de los Yacimientos de Petróleo y sus Derivados, los
Hidrocarburos y demás Combustibles Similares, No. 4532, August
30, 1956, Art. 4
Description: Investment
Sovereign foreign governments may not be granted the right to
explore, exploit, or benefit from oil and other hydrocarbon
substances, nor shall any natural person or enterprise enjoying
these rights allow a sovereign foreign government as a partner,
associate, or shareholder.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-25
Sector: Fishing
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Measures: - Ley de Pesca, No. 5914, May 22, 1962, Arts. 15 (para. 1), and 19
(paras. a and b)
- Proyecto de Ley que crea el Consejo Dominicano de Pesca y
Acuicultura, Art. 41
Description: Investment
Only natural persons residing in the Dominican Republic or
enterprises organized under Dominican law may obtain fishing
permits or fishing licenses.
To engage in maritime or fluvial fishing and hunting, an enterprise
must be organized under Dominican law and 50 percent of its
capital must be owned by Dominican nationals.
In order to obtain fishing permits, foreign-flag vessels must be
previously authorized by the Marina de Guerra and the Dirección
Nacional de Drogas.
Only Dominican nationals may engage in artisanal fishing within
54 nautical miles of the coast.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-26
Sector: Educational Services
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Measures: - Ley sobre Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología, No. 139-
01, August 13, 2001, Art. 44
- Reglamento Orgánico para las Instituciones Educativas, No.
66,97, May 28, 1999, Art. 19.2
Description: Cross-Border Services
To teach at any Education Center in the kindergarten, pre-school,
elementary, intermediate, high school, technical, or university
level, a foreign national must reside in the Dominican Republic.
The Secretaría de Estado de Educación Superior, Ciencia y
Tecnología (SEESCYT) may deny a request to create a new
institution of higher learning or professional or technical institute if
there is no economic need of such institution or institute.
For greater certainty, this entry does not apply to the supply of
foreign language training, corporate, business, and industrial
training programs, skill development programs, or educational
consulting services, including technical support and development
of curriculums and programs. It also does not apply to foreign
educational institutions that offer their programs through
institutions already established in the Dominican Republic.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-27
Sector: Cooperative Associations
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Measures: - Ley sobre Asociaciones Cooperativas, No. 127-64, January 27,
1964, Arts. 1, 50, and 51
Description: Investment
Cooperatives are non-profit associations constituted by natural
persons residing in the Dominican Republic or enterprises
organized under the laws of the Dominican Republic.
They may accept foreign nationals residing in the Dominican
Republic as associates in a proportion not larger than 50 percent of
the total membership and shares.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-28
Sector: Lotteries
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Measures: - Ley que Estable una Renta Pública bajo la Denominación de
Lotería Nacional, No. 5158, June 25, 1959, Arts. 1, 2, and 3
Description: Cross-Border Services
The Lotería Nacional is the state enterprise that operates and
manages the lottery of the Dominican Republic. A private
enterprise currently holds an exclusive concession to provide
electronic lottery services in the Dominican Republic.
Under Dominican law, a lottery is any system used to distribute
prizes in money through raffles among people buying tickets for
that purpose.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-29
Sector: Retail Distribution of Pharmaceutical Products
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Measures: - Ley General de Salud, No. 42-01, March 8, 2001, Art. 103
Description: Cross-Border Services
Pharmaceutical establishments shall be at a distance of at least 500
meters from each other. For purposes of this entry, pharmaceutical
establishment means a pharmacy, drug store, or industrial
pharmaceutical laboratory.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-30
Sector: Services Incidental to Mining, Hydro-Electric Plant Construction
and Management; Electricity Transmission, Marketing and
Distribution Services; Public Irrigation Services; Management and
Operation of Water Distribution and Waste Management Services;
Airport and Port Construction, Operation and Management
Services; and Operation of Lotteries
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Existing Measures: - Ley Minera de la República Dominicana, No. 146, June 4, 1971,
Art. 3
- Ley General de Electricidad, No. 125-01, July 26, 2001, Art. 41
- Ley sobre el Dominio de Aguas Terrestre y Distribución de
Aguas Publicas, No. 5852, March 29, 1962, Arts. 17 and 18
- Ley que Crea el Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos
(INDRHI), No. 6, September 8, 1964, Art. 4
- Ley que Estable una Renta Pública bajo la Denominación de
Lotería Nacional, No. 5158, June 25, 1959, Arts. 1 and 3
Description: Cross-Border Services
In granting concessions to supply the following services:
• construction or temporary management of a hydro-electric
power plant;
• construction or temporary management of an electric
transmission project;
• distribution or marketing of electricity;
• irrigation services or construction, management, operation,
or maintenance of water distribution or waste management
services;
• construction, operation, or management of a port or airport;
• services incidental to mining; or
• operation of lotteries;
the Dominican Republic reserves the right to impose limitations on
the number of service suppliers in the form of numerical quotas,
monopolies, or exclusive service suppliers; or require supply of
these services through a joint venture.
ANNEX I, Schedule of the Dominican Republic
I-DR-31
For greater certainty, any other conditions on the grant of such
concession shall be otherwise consistent with the Agreement and
services suppliers of the other Parties will be permitted to obtain
such concessions.
El Salvador Schedule
Schedule of El Salvador
Sector: All Sectors
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 10.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución de la República de El Salvador, Arts. 95 and 109
Description: Investment
Rural land may not be owned by a foreign person, including a
branch of a foreign person, if the person is a national of a country
or is organized under the law of a country that does not permit
Salvadoran persons to own rural land, except in the case of land to
be used for industrial plants.
An enterprise organized under Salvadoran law, a majority of
whose capital is owned by foreign persons, or a majority of whose
partners are foreign persons, is subject to the preceding paragraph.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-2
Sector: All Sectors
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 10.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución de la República de El Salvador, Arts. 95 and 115
Ley de Inversiones, Legislative Decree No. 732, Art. 7
Código de Comercio, Art. 6
Description: Investment
Only the following persons may engage in small scale commerce,
industry, and the supply of services in El Salvador:
(a) Salvadoran nationals born in El Salvador; and
(b) nationals of Central American Parties.
An enterprise organized under Salvadoran law, a majority of
whose capital is owned by foreign persons, or a majority of whose
partners are foreign persons, may not establish a small scale
enterprise to engage in small scale commerce, industry, and the
supply of services (“small scale enterprise”). For purposes of this
entry, a small scale enterprise is an enterprise with a capitalization
not greater than 200,000 U.S. dollars.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-3
Sector: Cooperative Production Societies
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Reglamento de la Ley General de Asociaciones Cooperativas, Title
VI, Chapter 1, Art. 84
Description: Investment
In cooperative production societies, at least 75 percent of the total
number of partners must be Salvadoran persons.
For purposes of this non-conforming measure, a branch of an
enterprise that is not organized under Salvadoran law is not a
Salvadoran person.
For greater certainty, a cooperative production society exists to
provide certain benefits to its members including with respect to
distribution, sales, management, and technical assistance. Its
functions are not only economic but also social.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-4
Sector: Duty-Free Commercial Centers and Establishments
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución de la República de El Salvador, Art. 95
Ley para el Establecimiento de Tiendas Libres en los Puertos
Marítimos de El Salvador, Art. 5
Description: Investment
Only Salvadoran nationals born in El Salvador and enterprises
organized under Salvadoran law may apply for a permit to
establish duty-free commercial centers or establishments in El
Salvador`s seaports.
However, an enterprise organized under Salvadoran law, a
majority of whose capital is owned by foreign persons, or a
majority of whose partners are foreign persons, may not establish
duty free commercial centers or establishments in El Salvador’s
seaports.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-5
Sector: Air Services – Specialty Air Services
Obligations Concerned: Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley Orgánica de Aviación Civil, Arts. 5, 89, and 92
Description: Cross-Border Services
The supply of specialty air services requires prior authorization
from the Autoridad de Aviación Civil. Authorization from the civil
aviation authority is subject to reciprocity and must take into
account national air transport policy.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-6
Sector: Air Services – Aircraft Repair and Maintenance Services During
which an Aircraft is Withdrawn from Service and Pilots of
Specialty Air Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley Orgánica de Aviación Civil, Arts. 39 and 40
Description: Cross-Border Services
El Salvador applies reciprocity requirements when determining
whether to recognize or validate licenses, certificates, and permits
issued by foreign air transport authorities to:
(a) technical staff supplying aircraft repair and maintenance
services while an aircraft is withdrawn from service; and
(b) pilots and other technical staff supplying specialty air
services.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-7
Sector: Communications Services – Advertising and Promotional
Services for Radio and Television
Obligations Concerned: Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decreto de las disposiciones para regular la explotación de obras
de naturaleza intelectual por medios de comunicación pública y la
participación de artistas salvadoreños en espectáculos públicos,
Legislative Decree No. 239, June 9, 1983, published in Diario
Oficial No. 111, Vol. 279, June 15, 1983, Art. 4
Decree No. 18, Sustitución de los artículos 1 y 4 del Decreto
Legislativo No. 239, June 9, 1983, published in Diario Oficial No.
7, Vol. 282, January 10, 1984
Description: Cross-Border Services
At least 90 percent of the production and recording of any
commercial advertisement for use in El Salvador’s public
communications media, meaning over-the-air television and radio
broadcasts and printed material that originate in El Salvador, must
be carried out by enterprises organized under Salvadoran law.
A commercial advertisement produced or recorded by an enterprise
organized under the law of another Central American Party may be
used in the Salvadoran media, as long as similar treatment is
extended by that Party to commercial advertisements produced or
recorded in El Salvador.
The broadcast in El Salvador`s public media of a commercial
advertisement for an international product, brand, or service that
has been imported into El Salvador or produced in El Salvador
under license and does not satisfy the requirements referenced
above will be permitted and may be subject to a one-time-fee.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-8
Sector: Communications Services – Television and Radio Broadcasting
Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley de Telecomunicaciones, Art. 123
Description: Investment
Concessions and licenses for free reception broadcasting services
shall only be granted to Salvadoran nationals born in El Salvador
or enterprises organized under Salvadoran law whose equity
capital is at least 51 percent owned by Salvadoran persons.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-9
Sector: Performing Arts
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley de Migración, Arts. 62-A and 62-B
Legislative Decree No. 382, May 29, 1970, published in Diario
Oficial No. 64,Vol. 227, April 10, 1970
Executive Decree No. 16, May 12,1970, published in Diario
Oficial No. 87, Vol. 227, May 18, 1970, Art. 1
Description: Cross-Border Services
No foreign artist may give paid performances of any kind without
the prior express authorization of the Ministerio de Gobernación,
which shall first seek, within 15 days, the advisory opinion of the
legally established craft union of the artistic field in which the
artist is involved. Foreign artists shall pay, to the relevant union, a
performance fee deposit of 10 percent of the gross income likely to
be earned in the country. Where it is not possible to make the
advance payment, the artist shall pay an adequate amount as a
“security deposit” to the relevant union.
No foreign artist or group of artists may perform in the country for
more than 30 days consecutively or intermittently within a year
from the date of the first performance.
An artist is any person acting in El Salvador, individually or in a
company consisting of one or more persons, to give performances
in music, song, dance or readings, or to present shows, whether in
person (i.e., live) or before a large or small audience or on radio or
television.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-10
Sector: Circuses
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley de Migración, Art. 62-C
Decree No. 122, November 4,1988, published in Diario Oficial No.
219, Vol. 301, November 25, 1988, Art. 3
Legislative Decree No. 382, May 29, 1970, published in Diario
Oficial No. 64, Vol. 227, April 10,1970
Decree No. 193, March 8, 1989, published in Diario Oficial No.
54, Vol. 302, March 17, 1989, Arts. 1 and 2
Reglamento para la Aplicación de los Decretos Legislativos 122
and 193 Relativos a Empresas Circenses, Arts. 1 and 2
Description: Cross-Border Services
Foreign circuses or other similar shows must pay to the relevant
circus union a performance fee equal to 2.5 percent of the gross
income likely to be earned daily from ticket sales. The fee must be
paid in full through the withholding system.
All foreign circuses must be authorized by the appropriate Ministry
and once authorized, notify the Asociación Salvadoreña de
Empresarios Circenses (ASEC) and pay ASEC 3 percent of the
gross income earned from ticket sales for each performance, as
well as 10 percent of total earnings from sales to the audience,
inside the circus, of flags, caps, tee shirts, balloons, photographs
and other paraphernalia. The foreign circus shall pay an adequate
amount as a security deposit to ASEC.
A foreign circus entering El Salvador may only work in the city of
San Salvador for 15 days, which may be extended for a further 15
days.
A foreign circus that has performed in El Salvador can only return
to the country after at least one year has elapsed since the date on
which the circus left the country.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-11
Sector: Performing Arts
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decreto de las disposiciones para regular la explotación de obras
de naturaleza intelectual por medios de comunicación pública y la
participación de artistas salvadoreños en espectáculos públicos,
Legislative Decree No. 239, June 9, 1983, published in Diario
Oficial No. 111, Vol. 279, June 15, 1983, Art. 3
Decree No. 18, Sustitución de los artículos 1 y 4 del Decreto
Legislativo No. 239, June 9, 1983, published in Diario Oficial No.
7, Vol. 282, January 10, 1984
Description: Cross-Border Services
In the case of public performances involving the live participation
of artists of any kind, the participation of Salvadoran nationals
shall be equivalent to 20 percent of the number of participating
foreigners.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-12
Sector: Construction and Related Engineering Services
Obligations Concerned: Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Articles 10.4 and 11.3)
National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley de Incentivos a las Empresas Nacionales de la Industria de la
Construcción, Legislative Decree No. 504, published in Diario
Oficial No. 167, Vol. 308, July 9, 1990, as amended by
Legislative Decree No. 733, published in Diario Oficial No. 80,
Vol. 311, April 23, 1991
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
To participate in design activities, consulting, consulting and
management of engineering or architectural projects, or any type of
work or study relating to such projects’ construction, whether
before, during, or after construction, an enterprise a majority of
whose capital is owned by foreign nationals (“foreign enterprise”)
must be contractually associated with an enterprise established in
El Salvador (“Salvadoran enterprise”) that is legally registered and
qualified with the Ministerio de Obras Públicas, unless the foreign
enterprise determines that such Salvadoran enterprise is not
available.
The foreign enterprise must have a resident representative in El
Salvador.
Further, an engineering or architectural project is subject to the
following requirements:
(a) enterprises organized under Salvadoran law must have an
investment in the project equal to at least 20 percent of the
value of the project; and
(b) such enterprises must supply at least 30 percent of the
technical staff and 90 percent of the administrative staff on
the project.
The requirements of subparagraph (b) do not apply if the
foreign enterprise determines that Salvadoran enterprises are
not able to provide the necessary resources.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-13
For greater certainty, technical staff and administrative staff do not
include senior management. The requirements of subparagraphs
(a) and (b) do not apply:
(i) when the funds for the project come partially or entirely from
foreign governments or international organizations; or
(ii) to specific projects or grants for specialized technical
cooperation.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-14
Sector: Public Accounting and Public Auditing
Obligations Concerned: Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Articles 10.4 and 11.3)
National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley Reguladora del Ejercicio de la Contaduría, Arts. 2, 3, and 4
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
Only a Salvadoran national may be authorized as a public
accountant. Only a person authorized as a public accountant may
be authorized as an external auditor.
For an enterprise to be authorized to supply public accounting
services, the principal partners, shareholders, or associates must be
Salvadoran nationals, and at least one person among the partners,
shareholders, associates, or administrators must be authorized as a
public accountant in El Salvador.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-15
Sector: Professional Services:
- Architectural Services
- Engineering Services
- Integrated Engineering Services
- Urban Planning and Landscaping Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley de Urbanismo y Construcción, Arts. 4 and 8
Registro Nacional de Arquitectos, Ingenieros, Proyectistas y
Constructores, Executive Decree No. 34, published in Diario
Oficial No. 4, Vol. 306, January 8, 1990
Reglamento Interno del Consejo Nacional de Arquitectos,
Ingenieros, Proyectistas y Constructores, Executive Decree No. 75,
published in Diario Oficial No. 11, Vol. 310, January 17, 1991,
Arts. 25, 26, and 27
Description: Cross-Border Services
Only architects and engineers who are inscribed in the Registro
Nacional de Arquitectos, Ingenieros, Proyectistas y Constructores
(“Registro Nacional”) may supervise architectural and engineering
work on construction projects and sign and seal architectural or
engineering plans for such projects.
An architect or engineer must be resident in El Salvador to be
inscribed in the Registro Nacional.
Draftsmen, builders, and electrical installation technicians must be
Salvadoran nationals in order to be inscribed in the Registro
Nacional.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-16
Sector: Professional Services: Health Services
(Including but not limited to: General and Specialist Medical
Services, Dental Services, Veterinary Services, Paramedical
Services, Services rendered by Psychologists, Midwives, Nurses,
Physiotherapists, Chemists and Qualified Clinical Laboratory
Technicians, and Technical and Auxiliary Staff)
Obligations Concerned: Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Código de Salud, Arts. 4, 5, 17, 23, 30, 31, 32, and 306
Description: Cross-Border Services
A permit is necessary for the exercise of the health services
professions and their specialized, technical, and auxiliary activities.
Permits are issued by the appropriate Junta de Vigilancia. The
Junta de Vigilancia may grant permanent, temporary, or
provisional permits. A permanent permit is available only for
private professional activity. Other permits are subject to
restrictions and limitations in accordance with the law for specified
reasons.
To grant a permanent permit the Junta de Vigilancia shall require
that persons be Salvadoran nationals by birth or authorized to
permanently reside in the country.
In addition to fulfilling the requirements under the law, foreigners
must provide proof that the jurisdiction in which they earned their
qualification allows Salvadoran nationals or graduates to practice
their profession in analogous circumstances.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-17
Sector: Professional Services – Legal Services (Notary Public)
Obligations Concerned: Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley de Notariado, Art. 4
Description: Cross-Border Services
Only persons authorized by the Supreme Court of Justice may
exercise the profession of notary public. Only Salvadoran
nationals who are attorneys may obtain such authorization.
Central American nationals who have been authorized to practice
law in El Salvador and who have resided in the country for at least
two years may also obtain such authorization, provided that:
(a) they have not been barred from practicing the profession of
notary public in their own country; and
(b) Salvadoran nationals may practice the same profession in
their country without any additional requirements than those
laid down in Salvadoran law.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-18
Sector: Professional Services – Teachers
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución de la República, Art. 60
Description: Cross-Border Services
Only Salvadoran nationals may teach national history and the
Constitution.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-19
Sector: Professional Services: Customs Agents
Obligations Concerned: Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Articles 10.4 and 11.3)
National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Reglamento del Código Aduanero Uniforme Centroamericano,
Art. 18
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
Only nationals of the Central American Parties may work as
customs agents.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-20
Sector: Transport Services – Road Transport Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Measures: Constitución de la República de El Salvador, Art. 95
Ley de Transporte Terrestre, Tránsito y Seguridad Vial, Arts. 38-A
and 38-B
Reglamento General de Transporte Terrestre, Arts. 1 and 2
Level of Government: Central
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
Permits for the supply of services in passenger transport, regular
and non-regular, within El Salvador may only be granted to
Salvadoran nationals or their partners.
Only vehicles with Salvadoran license plates may transport goods
from points in El Salvador to other points in El Salvador.
At least 51 percent of the equity capital of an enterprise engaged in
such goods transport in El Salvador must be owned by Salvadoran
persons. If such capital is owned by an enterprise, at least 51
percent of the stock of that enterprise must be owned by
Salvadoran nationals.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-21
Sector: Energy
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Measures: Ley reguladora del deposito, transporte y distribución de
productos de petróleo, Art. 8
Description: Cross-Border Services
The construction of a gas service station will not be authorized if it
is not a prudent distance from another gas station, in order to avoid
excessive concentration. A prudent distance is considered one of
not less than 600 meters in an urban area and 10 kilometers in a
rural area. The 10 kilometer requirement also applies to one-way
roads. For two-way roads containing medians, the distance will be
measured on each side of the road independently.
ANNEX I, Schedule of El Salvador
I-ES-22
Sector: Land Transport
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Measures: Reglamento General de Transporte Terrestre, Title III, Art. 11 and
Title V, Arts. 29 and 30
Description: Cross-Border Services
Public passenger land transportation concessions for a specific
route will be limited, subject to technical studies of existing
demand. A free public passenger land transportation concession is
limited to one vehicle.
Guatemala Schedule
Schedule of Guatemala
Sector: All Sectors
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decree No. 118-96 that amends Decree Nos. 38-71 and 48-72,
Arts. 1 and 2
Description: Investment
Only the following persons may be granted title to, rent, or use
state-owned lands in the Department of El Petén:
(1) Guatemalans by birth who do not own rural real estate
anywhere in the country that exceeds 45 hectares; and
(2) Guatemalans by birth who do not own industrial, mining or
commercial enterprises.
Enterprises owned 100 percent by Guatemalans by birth that meet
the requirements set out in the preceding paragraph may be granted
title to, rent, or use state-owned lands in the Department of El
Petén.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Guatemala
I-GU-2
Sector: All Sectors
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley de Titulación Supletoria, Decree 49-79, Art. 2
Description: Investment
Only Guatemalans by birth and enterprises that are majority owned
by Guatemalans by birth may take adverse possession of real
estate.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Guatemala
I-GU-3
Sector: All Sectors
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala, Art. 122
Ley Reguladora de las Áreas de Reservas Territoriales del Estado
de Guatemala, Decree No. 126-97, Art. 5
Description: Investment
Foreign nationals require an authorization from the Oficina de
Control de Areas de Reserva del Estado to acquire ownership of
the following state-owned land:
(a) real estate located in urban zones; and
(b) real estate for which rights were registered in the General
Property Registry before March 1, 1956 in the following
locations:
(i) a 3-kilometer-long strip of land along the ocean;
(ii) 200 meters around the lakeshores;
(iii) 100 meters on either side of the navigable rivers; and
(iv) 50 meters around any spring that serves as a source of
water for the population.
Only the Government may rent state-owned land described above
to enterprises organized under Guatemalan law.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Guatemala
I-GU-4
Sector: All Sectors
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala, Art. 123
Description: Investment
Only Guatemalans by birth and enterprises 100 percent owned by
Guatemalans by birth may own or possess real property located
within 15 kilometers of the borders.
Foreign nationals may, however, own or possess urban real estate
and real estate for which rights were registered in the General
Property Registry before March 1, 1956 within the 15 kilometer
area.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Guatemala
I-GU-5
Sector: All Sectors
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Código de Comercio, Decree No. 2-70, and its amendments
contained in Decree No. 62-95, Art. 2
Description: Investment
For an enterprise organized under foreign law to be established in
Guatemala, in any form, it must allocate an assigned amount of
capital for its operations in Guatemala, and execute a guarantee in
favor of third parties in an amount not less than the equivalent in
quetzales of US$ 50,000, which must remain in effect for the
duration of the enterprise’s operations in Guatemala.
The exact amount of the guarantee shall be determined by the
Registro Mercantil, based on, among other factors, the amount of
the investment.
For greater certainty, the requirement of a bond is not to be
construed to prevent an enterprise organized under the laws of a
foreign country from establishing in Guatemala.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Guatemala
I-GU-6
Sector: Forestry
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala, Art. 126
Description: Investment
Only Guatemalans by birth or enterprises organized under
Guatemalan law may exploit and renew forestry resources.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Guatemala
I-GU-7
Sector: Professional Services – Notaries
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Código de Notariado, Decree No. 314, Art. 2
Description: Cross-Border Services
To practice as a notary public, an individual must be a Guatemalan
by birth domiciled in Guatemala.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Guatemala
I-GU-8
Sector: Professional Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Código de Comercio, Decree No. 2-70, Art. 213
Description: Investment
An enterprise organized under the laws of a foreign country that
supplies a professional service that requires a legally recognized
university degree, certificate, or diploma may not be established in
Guatemala.
However, such an enterprise may supply its services in Guatemala
through a contract or other relationship with an enterprise
established in Guatemala.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Guatemala
I-GU-9
Sector: Performing Arts
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley de Espectáculos Públicos, Decree No. 574, Arts. 36, 37, and 49
Acuerdo Ministerial No. 592-99 del Ministerio de Cultura y
Deportes, Art. 1
Description: Cross-Border Services
Prior authorization from the Dirección de Espectáculos is required
to contract with foreign groups, enterprises, or artists.
In order for foreign artists or artist groups to perform in Guatemala,
they must have a consent letter from any of the legally recognized
non-governmental artist unions in the country.
In mixed performances, made up of one or more films and variety
shows, preference will be given to Guatemalans if the
circumstances of the cast, schedule, and contract so allow.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Guatemala
I-GU-10
Sector: Tour Guides
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Acuerdo No. 219-87 del Instituto Guatemalteco de Turismo -
INGUAT- Funcionamiento de Guías de Turismo, Art. 6
Description: Cross-Border Services
Only Guatemalans by birth or nationals of a foreign country that
are residents in Guatemala may provide tour guide services in
Guatemala.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Guatemala
I-GU-11
Sector: Specialty Air Services
Obligations Concerned: Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley de Aviación Civil, Decreto del Congreso 93-2000, Art. 24
Description: Cross-Border Services
In order to perform aeronautical duties on board foreign aircraft,
individuals are required to have a certificate, license, or the
equivalent, accepted by the Dirección General de Aeronáutica
Civil, or issued pursuant to an international agreement to which
Guatemala is a party, under conditions of reciprocity.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Guatemala
I-GU-12
Sector: Specialty Air Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley de Aviación Civil, Decree No. 93-2000, Art. 62
Description: Cross-Border Services
In the operation of specialty air services by Guatemalan operators,
all personnel performing aeronautical duties on board the aircraft
must be Guatemalans by birth. However, the Dirección General de
Aeronáutica Civil may authorize foreign nationals to perform such
duties for a period not to exceed three months, counting from the
date of authorization.
The Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil may extend this
period if it determines that there are no such trained personnel in
Guatemala.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Guatemala
I-GU-13
Sector: Air Transportation
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 10.10)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley de Aviación Civil, Decree No. 93-2000, Art. 71
Description: Investment
Only Guatemalans by birth or enterprises organized under
Guatemalan law may operate commercial air transportation
services in Guatemala.
For greater certainty, commercial air transportation services
includes all domestic air transport, including of passengers, mail or
cargo.
In order to supply such services, an enterprise must also meet the
following requirements:
(a) the enterprise must have its principal place of business in
Guatemala; and
(b) at least one-half, plus 1, of the directors, managers and
individuals who have responsibility for management and
control of the enterprise must be Guatemalans by birth or be a
permanent resident of Guatemala.
Honduras Schedule
Schedule of Honduras
Sector:
All Sectors
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures:
Decree No. 131, Constitución de la República, Title III, Chapter II,
Art. 107
Decree No. 90-1990, Ley para la Adquisición de Bienes Urbanos en
las Áreas que delimita el Artículo 107 de la Constitución de la
República, Arts. 1 and 4
Decree No. 968, Ley para la Declaratoria, Planeamiento y
Desarrollo de las Zonas de Turismo, Title V, Chapter V, Art. 16
Description:
Investment
State land, common land, and private land within 40 kilometers of
the borders and coastlines, and such land on islands, keys, coral
reefs, breakwaters, rocks, and sand shoals in Honduras, can only be
acquired, possessed, or held under any title by Honduran nationals
by birth, by enterprises fully owned by Honduran nationals, and by
state institutions.
Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, any person may acquire,
possess, hold, or lease for up to 40 years (which may be renewed)
urban lands in such areas provided that it is certified and approved
for tourist purposes, economic or social development, or for the
public interest by the Secretaría de Estado en el Despacho de
Turismo.
Any person that acquires, possesses, or holds such urban land may
transfer that land only after prior authorization by the Secretaría de
Estado en el Despacho de Turismo.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-2
Sector:
All Sectors
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 10.4)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Decree No. 131, Constitución de la República de Honduras,Title
VI, Chapter I, Art. 337
Agreement No. 345-92, Reglamento de la Ley de Inversiones,
Chapters I and VI, Arts. 3 and 49
Description:
Investment
Small-scale industry and trade are reserved to Honduran persons.
Foreign investors cannot engage in small-scale industry or trade
unless they are naturalized citizens and their country of origin grants
reciprocity.
“Small-scale industry and trade” means an enterprise with capital,
excluding land, buildings, and vehicles, of less than 150,000
Lempiras.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-3
Sector:
All Sectors
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 10.4)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Decree No. 65-87, May 20, 1987, Ley de Cooperativas de
Honduras, Title II, Chapter I, Arts. 18 and 19
Agreement No. 191-88, May 30, 1988, Reglamento de la Ley de
Cooperativas de Honduras, Art. 34(c) and (d)
Description:
Investment
Non-Honduran cooperatives may establish in Honduras if they
receive authorization from the Instituto Hondureño de
Cooperativas. Authorization will be granted if:
(a) reciprocity exists in the country of origin; and
(b) the non-Honduran cooperative has at least one permanent
legal representative in Honduras.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-4
Sector:
Customs Agents and Customs Agencies
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 10.3 and 11.2)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Decree No. 212-87, Ley de Aduanas, Title IX, Chapter I, First and
Third Sections, Arts. 177 and 182
Description:
Cross-Border Services and Investment
Licensed customs agents must be Honduran nationals by birth.
Employees of the customs agent, who act on behalf of the customs
agent, also must be Honduran nationals by birth.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-5
Sector:
Agricultural
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Agreement No. 2124-92, Reglamento de Adjudicación de Tierras en
la Reforma Agraria, Arts. 1 and 2
Description:
Investment
Agrarian reform beneficiaries must be Honduran nationals by birth,
individually or organized in peasant cooperatives or other peasant
enterprises.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-6
Sector:
Communications Services – Mail
Obligations Concerned:
Market Access (11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decree No. 120-93, Ley Orgánica de le Empresa de Correos de
Honduras, Arts. 3 and 4
Description: Cross-Border Services
The operation of the mail system in Honduras is reserved
exclusively to the Empresa Hondureña de Correos
(HONDUCOR).1
1
However, this exclusivity does not apply to the supply of express delivery services.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-7
Sector:
Radio, Television, and Newspaper Services
Obligations Concerned:
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 10.10)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Decree No. 131, Constitución de la República de Honduras,
Chapter II, Art. 73, third paragraph
Decree No. 6, Ley de Emisión del Pensamiento, Chapter IV, Art. 30
Decree No. 759, Ley del Colegio de Periodistas de Honduras, Art.
8, amended by Decree No. 79, January 1, 1981
Description:
Investment
Only Honduran nationals by birth may exercise senior management
of newspapers or free over the air broadcast (radio and television)
news media, including its intellectual, political, and administrative
orientation.2
2
This does not apply to newspapers or news media that are established outside Honduras.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-8
Sector:
Telecommunications
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Decree No.185-95, Ley Marco del Sector Telecomunicaciones,
Chapter I, Art. 26
Agreement No. 141-2002, Reglamento General de la Ley Marco del
Sector de Telecomunicaciones, December 26, 2002, Title III,
Chapter I, Art. 93
Description:
Cross-Border Services
Foreign governments may not directly participate in the provision of
public telecommunications services.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-9
Sector:
Telecommunications
Obligations Concerned:
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Decree No. 244-98, October 2, 1998, Art.1
Description:
Cross-Border Services
The Empresa Hondureña de Telecomunicaciones (HONDUTEL)
has the exclusive right to provide national and international
telecommunications services throughout the territory of Honduras,
such as: carrier, telex, telephone and telegraph services, including
telegraph services in places where there is no other means of
communication with the rest of the country. HONDUTEL shall
benefit from the exclusive right to provide such services until
December 24, 2005.
Timetable for reduction:
Starting on December 25, 2005, HONDUTEL shall no longer have
the exclusive right to provide national and international
telecommunications services throughout the territory of Honduras,
such as: carrier, telex, telephone and telegraph services, including
telegraph services in places where there is no other means of
communication with the rest of the country.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-10
Sector:
Construction or Consulting Services and Related Engineering
Services – Civil Engineering
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article11.3)
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decree No. 47-1987, Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Ingenieros
Civiles de Honduras, Art. 67
Reglamento de Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Ingenieros Civiles de
Honduras, Arts. 100 (A) – (D) and 101
Decree No. 753, Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Arquitectos de
Honduras, Art. 37(b), (c), (d), (g), and (h)
Reglamento de Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Arquitectos de
Honduras, Arts. 4(h), 7(a), (c), (d) and (h), 13, 68, and 69
Decree No. 902, Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Ingenieros
Mecánicos, Electricistas y Químicos de Honduras, Art. 40 (c), (d),
and (h)
Description:
Cross-Border Services and Investment
Consulting and construction enterprises must be organized under
Honduran law in order to be members of the Colegio de Ingenieros
Civiles de Honduras (CICH) and to perform civil engineering
projects in Honduras. For greater certainty, consulting and
construction enterprises organized under foreign law may register
provisionally with the CICH to perform specific civil engineering
projects. Higher membership fees apply to foreign-owned
enterprises. In addition, foreign workers must be authorized by the
CICH in order to work on such projects.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-11
Sector:
Distribution Services – Petroleum Products (Liquid Fuel,
Automotive Oil, Diesel, Kerosene, and LPG)
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Local Presence (Article 11. 5)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Decree No. 549, Ley de Representantes, Distribuidores y Agentes
de Empresas Nacionales y Extranjeras, Chapter I and VI, Arts. 4
and 25
Decree No. 804, amending Art. 4 of the Ley de Representantes,
Distribuidores y Agentes de Empresas Nacionales y Extranjera
Description:
Cross-Border Services and Investment
Only Honduran nationals and enterprises organized under Honduran
law may be authorized to sell petroleum products. Enterprises must
be at least 51 percent owned by Honduran nationals.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-12
Sector:
Electricity
Obligations Concerned:
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures: Decree No. 158-94, Ley Marco del Sub Sector Eléctrico, November
26, 1994, Chapter V, Art. 15
Description: Cross-Border Services
Only the Honduran Government, through the Empresa Nacional de
Energía Eléctrica, may transmit electricity or operate the electricity
transmission system and dispatch center.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-13
Sector:
Lotteries
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley Orgánica de la Loteria Nacional, Decree No. 438, April 23,
1977, Art. 5(c)
Description: Cross-Border Services
The Patronato Nacional de la Infancia (PANI) exclusively
administers the national lottery.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-14
Sector:
Education Services – Private Preschool, Primary, and Secondary
Educational Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 10.10)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decree No. 131, Constitución de la República, Title III, Chapter
VIII, Arts. 34, 166, and 168
Decree No. 79, Ley Orgánica de Educación, Arts. 64 and 65
Decree No. 136-97, Ley del Estatuto del Docente, Arts. 7 and 8
Executive Agreement No. 0760-5E-99, Reglamento General del
Estatuto del Docente, Art. 6
Description: Cross-Border Services and Investment
A school director or supervisor must be a Honduran national by
birth.
Teachers at all levels of the education system must be Honduran
nationals by birth. Foreign nationals may, however, teach particular
subjects at the middle and high school levels if there are no such
Honduran nationals available to teach such subjects.
Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, foreign nationals may
teach the Constitution, civic education, geography, and the history
of Honduras only if there is reciprocity for Honduran nationals in
their country of origin.
Private schools at all levels must be organized under Honduran law.
For greater certainty, there are no restrictions on foreign ownership
of such schools.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-15
Sector:
Entertainment Services – Music Entertainers
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures:
Decree No. 123, October 23, 1968, Ley de Protección a los Artistas
Musicales, Arts. 1 – 4
Description:
Cross-Border Services and Investment
Notwithstanding the measure listed above, Honduras agrees that
foreign music artists who wish to perform individually or as a group
in Honduras must pay five percent of the contracted fee to the Artist
Union of Honduras and the manager or leaser shall, if possible,
contract local artists to perform during the same performance.
For greater certainty, foreign music artists must register with the
Artist Union of Honduras for each performance in Honduras.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-16
Sector:
Championships and Soccer Games Services
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Reglamento de Campeonatos y Competencias Liga Nacional de
Fútbol No Aficionado de Primera División, Arts. 9 and 10
Description:
Cross-Border Services
Foreign nationals that are players in the Honduran national soccer
league must be temporarily resident in Honduras. Each team in
such league may register a maximum of four foreign players, one of
whom must be a national from a Central American country.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-17
Sector:
Amusement, Cultural, and Sports Services – Casinos and
Gambling (Encompasses Roulette, Cards, Punter, Baccarat, Slot
Machines, and the Like)
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Decree No. 488, February 16, 1977, Ley de Casinos de Juegos de
Envite o Azar, Art. 3
Description
Cross-Border Services and Investment
Only Hondurans nationals by birth and enterprises organized under
Honduran law may operate a casino.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-18
Sector:
Environmental Services
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decree No. 134-90, Ley de Municipalidades, Art. 13(3) and (4)
Decree No. 104-93, Ley General del Ambiente, Arts. 29 and 67
Description: Cross-Border Services
Only the State, through its municipalities, may provide public water
distribution, waste disposal, and sanitation and hygiene services.
For greater certainty, municipalities are responsible for the
construction of aqueducts, the maintenance and administration of
potable water, sanitary sewerage, and drainage, and the promotion
and development of related projects.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-19
Sector:
Distribution, Wholesale and Retail – Weapons, Munitions, and
Other Related Items
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decree No. 131, Constitución de la República, Title V, Chapter X,
Art. 292
Decree No. 80-92, Ley de Inversiones, Chapter VI, Art.16
Description: Cross-Border Services
The wholesale and retail distribution of the following items are
reserved solely for the Fuerzas Armadas de Honduras:
− munitions;
− warplanes,
− military rifles,
− all classes of pistols and revolvers, 41 caliber or higher;
− Honduran Army standard-issue pistols;
− silencers for all classes of firearms;
− firearms;
− accessories and munitions;
− cartridges for firearms;
− apparatus and other accessories required to load
cartridges;
− gunpowder, explosives, caps, and fuses;
− gas masks; and
− air rifles.
For greater certainty, use of explosives for commercial purposes
may be permitted by the appropriate Honduran authority.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-20
Sector:
Investigation and Security Services
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 10.10)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Decree No. 156-98, Ley Orgánica de la Policía Nacional, Art.91
Description:
Investment
In order to be established in Honduras, foreign private security
enterprises must partner with Honduran enterprises working in the
same field and appoint a Honduran national by birth as a senior
manager.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-21
Sector:
Fisheries
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Decree No. 154, Ley de Pesca, Chapter IV, Arts. 20, 26, and 29
Description :
Investment
Only Honduran nationals resident in Honduras and enterprises
organized under Honduran law at least 51 percent owned by
Honduran nationals can engage in commercial fishing in the
territorial waters, rivers, and lakes in Honduras. For greater
certainty, only Honduran flag vessels can perform commercial
fishing activities in territorial waters in Honduras.
For greater certainty, only Honduran nationals by birth can be
captains of commercial fishing vessels.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-22
Sector:
Professional Services
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures: Decree No. 131, Constitución de la República de Honduras,
Chapter VIII, Art. 177
Reglamento para el Reconocimiento de Estudios Universitarios e
Incorporación de Profesionales, Arts. 2, 11, and 18
Description: Cross-Border Services
Notwithstanding existing measures relating to requirements for the
practice of professions, including the measures listed above,
Honduras agrees that authorization for professional practice will be
granted based on principles of reciprocity.
Honduras agrees that if a jurisdiction in the United States recognizes
professional degrees awarded by Honduran educational institutions,
then Honduras will recognize equivalent professional degrees
awarded by U.S. educational institutions.
Likewise, Honduras agrees that if a jurisdiction in the United States
allows Honduran nationals to apply for and receive a license or
certificate for the provision of a professional service, then Honduras
will allow U.S. nationals to apply for and receive an equivalent
license or certificate.
For greater certainty, the preceding paragraphs do not grant the
automatic recognition of professional degrees or right to practice a
profession, nor do they eliminate the nationality requirement for
certain professions reserved exclusively for Honduran nationals, as
provided for in Annexes I or II.
In addition, the relevant professional association in Honduras will
recognize a license granted by a jurisdiction in the United States,
and allow the holder of that license to register with the association
and practice the profession in Honduras on a temporary basis based
on the license issued in a jurisdiction in the United States, in the
following cases:
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-23
(a) no educational institution in Honduras offers a course of study
that would allow the practice of the profession in Honduras;
(b) the holder of the license is a recognized expert in the
profession; or
(c) allowing the professional to practice in Honduras will, through
training, demonstration, or other such opportunity, further the
development of the profession in Honduras.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-24
Sector:
Air Transportation
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 10.10)
Level of Government: Central
Measures:
Decree No. 146, Ley de Aeronáutica Civil, Chapter X, Second,
Third, and Fourth Sections, Art.80
Description:
Investment
Only Honduran nationals and enterprises organized under Honduran
law may supply domestic and international commercial public air
transportation services by means of a Honduran flag aircraft.
Such enterprises must be controlled and at least 51 percent owned
by Honduran nationals.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-25
Sector:
Air Transportation
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Decree No. 146, Ley de Aeronáutica Civil, Chapter X, Second,
Third, and Fourth Sections, Arts. 37, 125, and 126
Description:
Cross-Border Services
Private specialty air transportation services for remuneration can
only be provided by Honduran nationals or enterprises organized
under Honduran law and must be authorized by the Secretaría de
Obras Públicas, Transporte y Vivienda.
When Honduran personnel are not available to perform such
activities, foreign pilots or other technical personnel may be allowed
to exercise such activities, with preference given to qualified
personnel from any Central American country.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-26
Sector:
Maritime Transportation - Coastal Navigation
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Articles 10.4 and 11.3)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Decree No. 167-94, January 2, 1995, Ley Orgánica de la Marina
Mercante Nacional, Title II, III, Chapter VII, Art. 40
Agreement No. 000764, December 13, 1997, Reglamento de
Transporte Marítimo, Art. 6
Description:
Cross-Border Services and Investment
Coastal navigation for commercial purposes is reserved for
Honduran merchant vessels. If there are no Honduran merchant
vessels, or if they are not available, and for the time period that such
circumstances exist, the Dirección General de la Marina Mercante
may authorize foreign merchant vessels to provide coastal
navigation in Honduras. In such circumstances, preference shall be
given to Central American flag vessels.
Honduran merchant vessels must be organized under Honduran law,
at least 51 percent of its subscribed and paid-in share capital must be
owned by Honduran nationals, and the company must be domiciled
in Honduras.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-27
Sector:
Land Transportation
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Articles 10.3 and 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures:
Decree No. 319-1976, Ley de Transporte Terrestre, Arts. 3, 5, 17,
18, 27, and 28
Agreement No. 200, Reglamento de la Ley de Transporte Terrestre,
Arts. 1, 7, 32, 33, and 34
Description:
Cross-Border Services and Investment
Public domestic land passenger and cargo transportation services
may be supplied only by Honduran nationals and enterprises that are
organized under Honduran law and at least 51 percent owned by
Honduran nationals. It is necessary to obtain a certificate of
operation from the Dirección General de Transporte de la
Secretaría de Obras Públicas, Transporte y Vivienda (SOPTRAVI),
which is subject to an economic needs test.
Public international land passenger and cargo transportation services
may be supplied by foreign nationals and enterprises organized
under foreign law based on reciprocity, but authorization for
particular routes will be granted on a preferential basis to Honduran
nationals and to enterprises organized under Honduran law.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-28
Sector:
Transportation – Railways
Obligations Concerned
National Treatment (Article 10.3)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 10.10)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures: Decree No. 48, Ley Constitutiva del Ferrocarril Nacional de
Honduras, Chapters I and VIII, Arts. 32 and 12 (amended by Decree
No. 54)
Description:
Investment
The Ferrocarril Nacional de Honduras may only sell its
subsidiaries to Honduran nationals and enterprises organized under
Honduran law.
The senior manager of the Ferrocarril Nacional de Honduras must
be a Honduran national by birth.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-29
Sector: Other Business Services – Warehousing
Obligations Concerned:
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures:
Agreement No. 1055, Reglamento de los Almacenes Generales de
Depositos, Art. 3
Description: Cross-Border Services
Only enterprises organized under Honduran law with fixed capital
and the sole purpose of providing warehousing services shall be
authorized to provide such services.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-30
Sector:
Business Consulting Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decree No. 900, Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Administradores de
Empresas de Honduras, Arts. 61-E and 61-F
Reglamento de Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Administradores de
Empresas de Honduras, Arts. 96, 111, 113, and 114
Description: Cross-Border Services
Foreign nationals may enter into contracts to provide business
administration consulting services after confirmation of the contract
by the Colegio de Administradores de Empresas de Honduras.
Enterprises organized under foreign law may enter into contracts to
provide business administration consulting services after
confirmation of the contract by the Colegio de Administradores de
Empresas de Honduras if such services are not otherwise available
in Honduras or because of contractual needs. In order to provide
such services, such enterprises must form a partnership with
Honduran firms that are duly registered with the Colegio de
Administradores de Empresas de Honduras.
Foreign nationals and enterprises organized under foreign law must
pay registration fees that are higher than those imposed on
Honduran nationals and enterprises organized under Honduran law.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-31
Sector: Economic Consulting Services
Obligations Concerned:
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government:
Central
Measures: Decree No. 1002, Ley Orgánica del Colegio Hondureño de
Economistas, Art. 58
Description: Cross-Border Services
In order to provide economic consulting services into the territory of
Honduras, economic consulting enterprises organized under foreign
law must be represented by a member of the Colegio Hondureño de
Economistas.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-32
Sector: Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decree No. 148-95, Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Profesionales en
Ciencias Agrícolas de Honduras, Art. 5
Reglamento de la Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Profesionales en
Ciencias Agrícolas de Honduras, Art. 9 and Tabla de Pagos al
COLPROCAH
Description: Cross-Border Services
Foreign agricultural engineers and agronomists may be subject to
higher professional association registration fees than those imposed
on Honduran agricultural engineers and agronomists.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-33
Sector: Forestry Engineers
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Ingenieros Forestales de Honduras,
Art. 66
Description: Cross-Border Services
Forestry engineering consulting enterprises organized under foreign
law must hire Honduran nationals that are members of the
Association of Forestry Engineers of Honduras in a proportion
meaningful to the size of the project.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-34
Sector: Veterinarians
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Veterinarios de Honduras, Art. 12
Reglamento de la Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Médicos
Veterinarios de Honduras, Art. 5
Description: Cross-Border Services
Foreign enterprises wishing to supply veterinary services in
Honduras must be organized under Honduran law. Foreign
veterinarians may be subject to higher professional association fees
than those imposed on Central American veterinarians.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-35
Sector:
Microbiologists and Clinicians
Obligations Concerned:
National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Reglamento de Inscripción del Colegio de Microbiólogos y
Químicos Clínicos, Arts. 5, 6, and 8
Description: Cross-Border Services
Foreign microbiologists and clinicians must pay a higher
registration fee than those paid by Honduran microbiologists and
clinicians.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-36
Sector:
Notaries
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decree No. 277-2002, August 16, 2002, Ley del Notariado, Art. 4
Description: Cross-Border Services
Notaries must be Honduran nationals.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-37
Sector:
Electrical Energy Services
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decree No. 158-94, Ley Marco del Sub-sector Eléctrico, Art. 23
Description: Cross-Border Services
In order to be established in Honduras and supply electrical energy
distribution services, an enterprise must be organized as a
commercial corporation with nominative stock.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-38
Sector:
Telecommunications
Obligations Concerned: Market Access (Article 11.4)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decree No. 80-2003, Art. 1(3.5)
Executive Decree No. PCM-018-2003, October 2, 2003, Art. 1, No.
IV (a)
Decree No. 109-2003, October 24, 2003, Art. 1, No. IV (a)
Description: Cross-Border Services
The Comisión Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (CONATEL) will
not authorize additional mobile telephony operators until December
2005. CONATEL will authorize at least one additional operator
after that date.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-39
Sector:
Public Accountants
Obligations Concerned: Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Decree No. 19-93, Ley Orgánica del Colegio de Profesionales
Universitarios en Contaduría Pública, Art. 23
Description: Cross-Border Services
Any person wishing to supply public accountancy services in the
territory of Honduras must be organized under Honduran law.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Honduras
I-HO-40
Sector:
Architects
Obligations Concerned: Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Level of Government: Central
Measures: Reglamento Interno Colegio de Arquitectos de Honduras, Art. 7(c)
and (d)
Description: Cross-Border Services
Enterprises organized under foreign law must designate a member
of the Colegio de Arquitectos de Honduras (CAH) as their
representative prior to registering with the CAH to supply
architectural services in Honduras. For greater certainty, enterprises
organized under foreign law may only register for specific projects.
Nicaragua Schedule
Schedule of Nicaragua
Sector: Musicians and Artists
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Most-Favored-Nation Treatment (Article 11.3)
Measures: Ley de Promoción a las Expresiones Artísticas Nacionales y de
Protección a los Artistas Nicaragüenses, Law No. 215, published
in La Gaceta No. 134, July 17, 1996, Arts. 14, 23, 24, 25, and 31
Description: Cross-Border Services
Foreign artists or musical bands may perform in Nicaragua solely
by means of a prior contract.
Foreign artists performing shows or reviews of a commercial nature
shall include in their program a Nicaraguan artist or group that
performs similar shows.
Foreign artists or artistic groups not wishing to include a national
artist in their program must pay one percent of the show’s net
receipts to the Instituto Nicaragüense de Cultura unless the foreign
artists’ or groups’ country of origin does not levy such tax on
Nicaraguan artists or artistic groups.
Foreigners selected for the design and construction of public,
pictorial, or sculptural monuments erected in Nicaragua, shall do so
in association with Nicaraguan artists.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Nicaragua
I-NI-2
Sector: Tourism – Hotels, Restaurants, Tour Guides, Car Rental, and
Other Tourism Related Activities.
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Measures: Ley de Incentivos a la Industria Turística de la República de
Nicaragua, Law No. 306, published in La Gaceta No. 117, June 21,
1999, Arts. 16.1 and 16.2
Reglamento de Empresas y Actividades Turísticas de Nicaragua,
published in La Gaceta No. 99, May 28, 2001, Arts. 16 and 17
Reglamento de los Operadores de Viajes de Nicaragua, published
in La Gaceta No. 100, May 29, 2001, Art. 8
Reglamento que Regula las Actividades de las Empresas
Arrendadoras de Vehículos Automotrices y Acuáticos (Rent a Car),
published in La Gaceta No. 108, June 8, 2001, Art. 9
Reglamento de Guías de Turistas, published in La Gaceta No. 40,
February 26, 2001, Art. 9
Reglamento de Agencias de Viajes de Nicaragua, published in La
Gaceta No. 96, May 21, 2001, Art. 5
Description: Cross-Border Services
In order to supply tourism services in Nicaragua an enterprise must
be organized under Nicaraguan law; and a foreign national must
reside in Nicaragua or appoint a legal representative in Nicaragua.
This paragraph does not apply to the supply of tourism services
during a cruise.
Tour Guides must be Nicaraguan nationals.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Nicaragua
I-NI-3
Sector: Services Related to Construction
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Measures: Ley Reguladora de la Actividad de Diseño y Construcción, Decree
No. 237, December 1, 1986, Arts. 2, 4, and 6
Description: Cross-Border Services
In order to supply construction services in Nicaragua an enterprise
must be organized under Nicaraguan law; and a foreign national
must reside in Nicaragua or appoint a legal representative in
Nicaragua.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Nicaragua
I-NI-4
Sector: Distribution of Fireworks, Firearms, and Munitions
Affected Obligation: National Treatment (Article 11.2)
Local Presence (Article 11.5)
Measures: Reglamento de la Ley de la Policía Nacional, Decree No. 26-96,
published in La Gaceta No. 32, February 14, 1996, Arts. 76 and 77
Description: Cross-Border Services
In order to engage in the distribution of fireworks, firearms, and
munitions in Nicaragua an enterprise must be organized under
Nicaraguan law; and a foreign national must reside in Nicaragua.
ANNEX I, Schedule of Nicaragua
I-NI-5
Sector: Private Security Services
Obligations Concerned: National Treatment (Art